412 FIFTH REPORT OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL COMMISSION. 
The galls made by this insect have long been known. Osteti Sacken, * from a study 
Of the gallfl and the larva- which he saw in th.-in, proposed the name d cidomyia 
(xtihui* for the Bpeeies, believing the insect to i>e a membemf the Cecidomyidtv. But 
the ilv which I have bred proves to belong to the genus 8ciara of the family Myceto- 
phiUda.) This result is quite interesting, for the species of Boiara arc usually found 
"among decaying leaves, in vegetable mold, in cow-dung, under the bark of dead 
'etc.! One other species (Sciara tilicolq) is known to produce a gall. This 
Bpeeies iiifests the leaves of young linden trees in shady, sheltered situations. The 
hinon-yellow larva, capable of leaping like the cheese-maggot, lives in numbers in 
the stem, generally near the origin of the last or of the two last leaves. Each of them 
has a hollow of its own, ami produces a swelling of the size of a pea, which it abandons 
before the transformation. $ 
Description of adult male.— Plate xxxviii, fig. 2,26. Head dark, eyes black, kidney- 
shaped, and meeting in a point on the dorsal surface of the head. Antenna? sixteen- 
jointed, inserted close together; color dark brown, with the basal segment light yel- 
lowish brown. Epicranium quite large and convex; dark brown; bearing three 
ocelli, which are whitish and glistening. Pronotutn light yellowish-brown. Meso- 
Bcntum arched, yellowish-brown in the center aud darker at the edges. Scutellum 
dusky-brown. Metathorax dark brown, almost black. Abdomen, with caudal por- 
tions of segments, blackish, the cephalic portions yellowish-brown. The claspers 
lighter brown. Poisers, with knob, blackish and base light brown. Tibiae aud tarsi 
dusky brown: femora lighter; coxa? still lighter. The distal end of each tibia fur- 
nished with two long brownish hairy brushes. (Plate xxxviii, tig. 2a.) 
53. The cottony maple scale. 
Pulvinaria innutnerabilis (Rathvon). 
Order Hemiptkra ; family Coccid.e. 
« (Plate xxxi ; rigs. 1, 2, 3, 4.) 
The following account of this pest is copied from Riley's report as 
U. S. Entomologist for 1884: 
This scale-insect stands prominent among the species which have been especially 
abundant during the past summer. Circumstances appear to have been particularly 
favorable to its development, and, although it does not spread rapidly, its general 
appearance this season has caused considerable alarm in many States. It was sent 
to us during the spriug aud summer by correspondents in New York, Pennsylvania, 
Maryland, Virginia, Ohio, Indiana, Michigan, Illinois, and Missouri. For the past 
thirty years it has attracted considerable attention as damaging shade trees, partic- 
ularly the maples, in different parts of the country, occurring m extraordinary 
abundance from time to time, and then almost lost sight of for several years. It is 
more particularly a northern insect, and although it is often numerous in Virgiuia 
and Missouri, we have never received it from, nor heard of its occurrence iu the 
extreme Southern States. 
Life-history.— The round of life of this species is not strikingly different from that 
of other Coccids, aud is briefly as follows: 
The youug lice (Fig. 1, c) hatch in spring or early summer, walk about actively as 
soon as born, and settle along the ribs of the leaves (very rarely on the young twigs). 
They then insert their beaks and begin topnmp up sap and to increase in size, a thin 
* Monograph of the Diptera of North Am., Part I, 199. 
tl am iudebted to Baron Osten Sacken for the generic determination of this insect. 
; Osten Sacken, Proc. Ent. Soc. Phil., I, 159. 
$ Osten Sacken, Proc. Ent. Soc. Phil., I, 164. 
