BIRCH CATERPILLARS. 
495 
1869, v. 1, p. 166, this species is stated to feed on Populus dilatata and P. monilifera, 
and Riley (Second Rept. State Entom. Mo., 1870, p. 121) gives Betula and Alnus as 
food-plants. Coquillett (Papilio, Jan. 1881, v. 1, p. 6) describes the larva and gives 
red oak (Quercus) as food-plant. Thaxter (Papilio, Jan., 1883, v. 3, p. 17) adds 
Juglati8, Fraxinus. and Platanus to the recorded food-plants. 
35. Apatela vuljpina Grote. 
Apatela vulpina Grote (Can. Entom., Jan., 1883, v. 15, p. 8-9). Thaxter (Papilio, 
Jan., 1883, v. 3, p. 14-15). describes the larva of this species, and gives Populus and 
Betula as food-plants. 
36. Apatela spinigera Guen. 
Apatela spinigera Guen. (Hist. Nat. d. Ins., 1852, v. 5, Noct. v. 1, p. 45). Thaxter 
(Psyche, March-April [24 Sept.], 1878, v. 2, p. 121-122) describes the larva of this 
6pecies and gives as food-plants Bubus and Betula. 
37. Apatela occidentalis Grote and Rob. 
Apatela occidentalis Grote and Rob. (Proc. Entom. Soc. Phil., May, 1866, v. 6, p. 16). 
The larva of this species is described by Harris (Entom. Corresp, 1869, p. 311-312), 
who found it feeding on plum, cherry, and Pyrus americana. Lintner (Entom. 
Contrib., [No. 1], 1869, p. 62) adds apple to the food-plants. Saunders (Can. Entom., 
March, 1872, v. 4, p. 50) describes the larva. Packard (Papilio, Nov.-Dec, 1882, v. 
2, p. 181) briefly describes the larva and pupa. Thaxter (Psyche, May-June [9 July] 
1877, v. 2, p. 35) gives Ulmus as food-plant. A specimen taken on Betula lutea, at 
Wachusett, Mass., 26 August, 1882, pupated 30 August, and the imago appeared 12 
June, 1883. This larva, which also ate Betula alba, did not entirely agree in colora- 
tion with Saunders's description. 
38. Apatela betula? Riley. 
An interesting and easily recognized species of the genus Apatela 
has been reared from the black birch by Prof. C. V. Riley, who pub 
lished the following account of its habits and peculiarities in the Bul- 
letin Brooklyn Entomological Society, vol. vii, May, 1884 : 
It is a strongly marked species. In some of the paler specimens there is a sugges- 
tion of olivaceous ; while the darker specimens have more uniformly gray primaries 
with the strongly relieved transverse anterior pale line, and brown reniform spot 
and subterminal space as the most prominent features. 
Fig. 176.— Apatela betulce .- a, larva, dorsal view ; /, imago, nat. size ; b, a middle segment of larva, 
dorsal view ; c, do., side view; d, portion of larval skin showing spinose covering; e, cremaster of 
pupa with spines, dorsal view. 
The larva while young is found on the leaves and corresponds thereto in general 
color. After the last molt it rests stretched on the thickest branches of the tree and 
is fond of hiding in dark recesses. For pupation it forms a slight cocoon either among 
leaves or in old wood on the ground, or on the trunk of the tree. There are two 
