BIRCH CATERPILLARS. 501 
color of the under side of the birch leaf, with two parallel white dorsal stripes ; four 
whitish yellow dots on the side of each abdominal segment. Spiracles deep orange 
red. Thoracic legs yellowish, each joint stained black. Length, .37. 
52. Endropia armataria H.-Sch. 
Order Lepidoptera ; family Phal.exid^:. 
The following account of this insect is copied from Mrs. Diminock's 
Birch Insects, in Psyche, iv, p. 272 : 
Endropia armataria Herrich-SchaefYer (Saminl. nener. od. wenig bekannter ausse- 
reur. Schmett., 1850-'58, pi. 65, fig. 373-374). Saunders (Can. Entom., October, 1871, 
vol. 3, p. 130-131; (Ann. Rept. Entom. Soc. Ontario, 1871, p. 38) describes the 
larva of this species which he found on species of Bibes. A female of this species 
taken June 15, 188 ?, in Cambridge, Mass., was confined over fresh twigs of Acer, 
Riles rubrum, and B. aureum. On June 18 she laid two rows of elongated, flattened 
eggs upon a leaf of Acer; their color was light green, but by June 20 they had be- 
come shining carmine-red, which later became dull red. The eggs were 0.7 mm long, 
0.5mm Tvide^ and 0.4 mm high, and were placed closely side by side in rows and gummed 
to the leaf. They hatched June 27. The larvae would not readily eat leaves of Bibes, 
but ate, in order of preference, leaves of Betula alba, of Acer, and of apple. One pu- 
pated August 2, 1883, and the imago appeared August 19, 1883; the second pupation 
occurred August 6, 1883, but the imago did not appear until June 3, 1884; two more 
pupated August 17, 1883, both of which produced imagos about June 7, 1884. In 
this case, of the four larva? which succeeded in producing imagos, all were subjected 
as nearly as possible to equal conditions, being reared in the same jar, upon the same 
plants, which were kept fresh with their stems in water, yet one of the imagos ap- 
peared the same fall, only seventeen days after pupation, while the three others 
remained about ten months in the pupal state. Those reared by Mr, Saunders hiber- 
nated as pupae. 
53. Paraphia subatoviaria Guene'e. 
The caterpillar of this species appears to l>e a general feeder, not 
only living on the pine but also on the birch, according to Mrs. Dira- 
mock, whose historical notes we copy : 
Paraphia subatomaria Guene'e (Hist. Nat. d. Ins., 1857, vol. 9; Uran. et Phal., vol. 
i, p. 272). A larva taken on Betula alba, at Belmont, Mass., August 12, 1882, pupated 
September 19, and a male imago emerged October 8, 1882. This larva was mistaken 
for a young larva of Cymatophora crepuscularia. Another larva, taken on the same 
species of plant, at Cambridge, Mass., September 10, 1882, pupated September 27, 
and produced a female imago October 28, 1382. A third larva taken in Cambridge, 
on the same plant in the fall of 1883, pupated, and would have hibernated as pupa 
had it not been kept in a warm room ; the moth emerged during the winter. Packard 
(Mon. Geom. moths U. S. 1876, p. 418) writes: "The moth has been raised by Mr. 
W. Saunders, of Loudon, Canada, from a 'brown geometric larva on the pine, the 
imago appearing June 24.' " (Psyche, iv, p. 272.) 
54. Ephyra pendulinaria Guen£e. 
According to the following notes of Mrs. Diinmock this caterpillar 
appears to occur on the birch as well as the sweet fern. 
" When about to transform," says Mr. Scudder, " it slings itself in a 
thread which crosses its body between the sixth and seventh segments, 
and closes its anal prolegs tightly in a mass of silk spun at this point, 
