502 FIFTH REPORT OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL COMMISSION. 
and on the 17th of July changed to a pupa. On the 12th I found a 
chrysalis just ready to turn; it was fastened to the midrib of a leaf 
near the middle, with the threads of the swing well separated and well 
pOBhed under. " 
Ephjjra penduUmaria Gnene*e (Hist. Nat. d. Ins.. L857, v. '.», Uran. et PhaL, v. i, p. 
414). Packard (Mon. Geom. Moths U. B., 1876, pp. 363-364) gives a description, by 
S. H. Soadder, of fche larva and pupa of this species; the larva fed on Comptonia 
a8plenifolia. A larva of this species, taken on lietula alba, at Wachnsett, Mass., 
August 96, 1883, pupated August 38, and the imago appeared May U. 1883. (Dim- 
mock). 
Larva. — Light green, with longitudinal white lines, and dotted with white spots. 
A dorsal and three subdorsal lines; the dorsal straight, but the others broken and 
irregular, the stigmatal edge wrinkled, the white spots irregularly scattered. Body 
beneath with the white lines interrupted. The last segment, with the anal prolegs 
and tip of the first pair of prolegs, slightly reddish. Thoracic legs pale greenish, 
black at the tips. A few scattered hairs on the body. Head faint reddish, marbled 
with whitish, with two white stripes. Length, 0.40; thickness, 0.12 inch. 
Pupa. — Light green, a black stripe broken twice towards the end on each side, 
along the hinder margin of the wing. Two protuberances, one at the base of each 
wing, white brownish at base; tail piece almost colorless, tip red. Abdominal seg- 
ments of a lighter color than the rest, with dots of a lighter tint ; anterior half of 
each abdomiual segment punctate ; posterior half minutely striate ; a thread crosses 
the body, upon which it rests suspended ; the thread splits in two, being fastened by 
four points. It is slightly roofed on the back. (Sc udder.) 
Moth. — Antennae of male moderately pectinated. Body and wings white, speckled 
with dark gray or blackish. It differs from E. myrtaria in being white, with four 
lines on the fore-wings and by the large discal ringlets, and the mesial shade. Ex- 
panse of wings, 25 mm (1 inch). 
55. Boarmia crepuscularia Treitschke. 
Mrs. Dimmoek, as will be seeu by the following statements, has 
reared the larva of this species from the white birch. 
Cymatophora crepuscularia Treitsch. (Schmett. v. Europa, 1827, v. 6, pt. 1, p. 190). 
Goodell (Cau. Entom., Apr., 1878, v. 10, p. 67) has described the larva of this species 
from a single specimen taken on plum, May 30 ; pupation took place June 6, and the 
imago emerged June 19. In Europe this very variable larva has often been reared. 
Herr (Anleitung d. Schmett. u. Raupen * * * 16'SS, pt. 2, p. 272) gives a good 
description of the larva, and states that its food-plants are Aquilegia, Salix, Populus, 
Alnus, Ulmus, Spartium, and Sambucus. Kaltenbach (Pdanze lfeinde, 1872, p. 614- 
615) writes: " A very common geometrid, whose larva is very differently marked 
according to its food-plant. On Salix Borkhausen found it brownish green, on Italian 
poplar gray green, on Alnus brownish gray, on Ulmus lighter green than on Salix, on 
Sambucus gray brown, etc. Treitschke's specimens, reared on plum, were yellowish. 
Pupation takes place uuder the ground ; the moth appears in two generations, in 
spring from hyberuated pupa? and again in July. The larva appear in June and In 
September." Kaltenbach (op. cit., pp. 110, 234, 302, and 435) adds the following to 
previously mentioned food-plants: Betula alba. Genista, Quercus, Rubus, Lonicera, 
and Ligustrum. The larva of this species is common on Betula alba in eastern Massa- 
chusetts, where it is found ready for pupation as early as the middle of June. Of 
three larvae taken August 12, 1882, one pupated August 39 and hibernated as pupa, 
developing au imago the next spring ; another pupated September 2 and died later, 
and the third pupated September 2 and the imago appeared September 28 of the same 
year. Two annual broods of larvae are therefore probable iu New England, as in 
