602 FIFTH REPORT OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL COMMISSION. 
It will l»c unnecessary in this connection to give more than a brief 
recapitulation of the results of my studies on those insects, quoting, 
where it may seem advisable, the more important facts from the article 
referred to. 
l. Tin Eyed Empebor, 
Apatllra celtis Bd. and LeC. 
A green oaterpillar, with a series of pale, inedio-dorsal spots and pale longitudinal 
lino, with two anal projections and two antlers on the head, usually found singly on 
the under side of the leaf, transforming to a pale green chrysalis with a serrate hack. 
Two generations annually, the second hibernating in the second or third larval 
Stage upon the fallen leaf. Butterfly of a russety-gray shaded with dark brown, and 
with eye-like spots on the wings, the female laving eggs singly or in small groups on 
the uuder surface of the leaf. 
Fig. 196. Apatura celtis: a, eggs ; b, larva, dorsal view ; c, 
d, chrysalis, dorsal and lateral views ; e, imago, male, dotted 
line showing form of female— all natural size. After RUey. 
The larvae of this species are found on the various species of Celtis 
during May. When at rest they are found on the under side of the 
leaf, usually on a carpet of silk, aud often with a portion of the leaf bent 
around it, and they reach full maturity by the end of the month. 
" In preparing for the chrysalis state the larva spins on the under 
side of a leaf a little bunch of silk in which to entangle its prolegs. 
Sometimes, but not often, it partially covers itself with a curled leaf or 
with two leaves drawn together. Here it rests for about two days, 
when the larval head aud skin split open, and the soft and uuformed 
chrysalis works them back to the extremity of its body. It then secures 
itself, knocks off the shrunken skin, and soon assumes the delicate 
green color, marked with cream yellow, and the elegant form (Fig. 190, 
c, d) which nature has imposed upon it." 
other words, the ' law of priority ' becomes a nuisance and a positive injury to the sei- 
euce when pushed to the unnecessary extreme of attempting to solve inexplicable rid- 
dles." Mr. A. G. Butler, of the British Mnsenm, admitted (letter, June 15, 1874 ) that 
he was all wrong in what he had published ou the subject, and concurred in my 
judgment. Mr. Scndder (May 29, 1874) wrote that upon examining Hiibnefs 
Doxocopa idyia, it proved to be the same as a species which he had from Guate- 
mala, and that it is barely possible that this may be herse Fabr.; while Mr. Edwards 
also wrote (July 12. 1874) that he believed heme not American. Iu his recent work, 
Scndder states that idyia [pars] Herr.-Schaeff is clyton, but not idyia Hiibu., while 
he concludes that celtis is not lycaon Fabr.. a conclusion in which I should hardly fol- 
low him, so far as the original drawings justify conclusion. 
