INSECTS OF THE PRICKLY ASH. 659 
Scale of the female. — The scale of the female is snowy white, with the exuvise yel- 
lowish. It is flat, quite delicate in texture, and varies greatly in shape ; it wideus 
suddenly near the posterior end of the second skin, often becoming as wide as long ; 
some specimens are straight, others are bent to the right or left. Length, 1.5 mm 
(.05 inch). 
INSECTS INJURIOUS TO THE PRICKLY ASH. 
Zanthoxylum americanum. 
AFFECTING THE TRUNKS AND LIMBS. 
1. The Prickly Ash Borer. 
Liopus xanthoxyli Shimer. 
Order Coleoptera; family Cerambycid^e. 
This borer was discovered May 25, in Illinois, by Dr. Shimer, in trunks 
of the prickly ash, which had been barked during the previous July. 
In the burrows were several pink-orange pupae, invariably lying with 
their heads outward ; from these he bred an undescribed species related 
to L. alpha. The beetle appeared on the tree about the middle of June. 
He sent one specimen from which the following descriptions have been 
drawn up : 
Larva.— (For figs, see my first Rep. Inj. Ins. Mass.) Is very much like that of Lio- 
pus facetus. The head is a little more than half as wide as the prothoracic ring. 
The basal (occipito-epicranial) region is transversely oblong, the basal piece (occi- 
put) being very short, and transversely almost linear, and separated by a well-marked 
Fig. 215.— 1. Liopus xanthoxyli. Fig. 216.— 2. Liopus facetus. 
suture from the middle portion (epicranium) ol the head, the latter being nearly 
four times as broad as long, with the front edge straight ; it is white, with the front 
edge pitchy black. The clypeus is smooth, trapezoidal in form, and three times as 
wide as long. The upper lip (labrum) is thin, hairy, transversely elliptical, a little 
less than one-half as long as broad. The basal chin piece (submentum) is a large 
transversely oblong area, with the front edge piceous, and very slightly hollowed, 
while the posterior edge is very deeply hollowed out. The chin (mentum) is.nearly 
square, widening at the base, which is continuous with the base of the maxillae, the 
whole posterior edge being well rounded. The labial palpi are three-jointed, the 
basal joints of each palpus being large, and no longer than broad, and touching each 
other; the second joint is much slenderer, and about half as thick as the basal joint; 
