INSECTS OF THE TULIP TREE. 663 
of a Tachina fly. It is possible, however, that the eggs of the parasite 
were deposited after the caterpillar had transformed to the chrysalis. 
As to remedies, it will not be difficult to keep these insects in check 
by hand-picking, as they are easily seen on account of their size. The 
butterflies being so conspicuous can without much trouble be caught 
in hand-nets.* (Comstock.) 
Mr. Hubbard states that it has a single parasite {Ghalcis robusta 
Cresson) which preys upon it, though rare. 
The following Lepidoptera also feed on this tree : 
4. Papilio troilus Linn. 
5. Chrysophanus thee Bd. and Lee. 
INSECTS OF THE TULIP TREE. 
Liriodendron tulipifera. 
1. Phytlocnistis liriodendronella Clem. 
The larva mines the small terminal leaves of the branches of the tulip 
tree. It is without feet. The body tapers from the head, the terminal 
portion being slender and pointed, deeply incised, almost moniliform. 
Head thin and flat. It makes a broader linear mine on the under side 
of the leaves, leaving a brownish "frass" line. The mine is much con- 
torted and very long, so as often, if not always, to take up the entire 
under surface of the leaf, winding over it so as to detach nearly all the 
under epidermis. This is extremely delicate, of bluish-white color, 
and often the greater portion of it is detached by abrasions. 
The larva may be taken from the beginning to the latter part of 
July. My own specimens were found on the 22d of July, at which time 
they were nearly full-fed. Taken in the latter part of the month, it is 
very easy to rear the larva and obtain the most perfect imagos. 
Moth. — Fore wings silvery white, the posterior portion of the wing pale golden, 
with abroad pale golden streak along the middle of the wing above the fold,- arising 
at its base. About the middle of the costa is a pale golden, oblique costal streak 
black-margined on both sides, which coalesces with the posterior end of the median 
streak. The costal cilia silvery, containing three diverging black streaks. The apical 
spot black with a silvery scale or two before and behind it, and at the extreme apex 
two black lines on the cilia, diverging from the apical spot. In the cilia of the hinder 
margin is a black curved line, and at the beginning of the cilia of the hinder margin 
is a dorsal silvery spot. Hind wings silvery gray; cilia the same. Antenna, head, 
labial palpi, silvery white. (Clemens). 
The following insects also occur on the tulip tree: 
Order Lepidoptera. 
2. Papilio glaucus Linn. 
3. Gallosamia promethea, var. anguafera Walker. (Akhurst in Eiley, 
Bull., vi, p. 55.) 
*Of other insects belonging to this genus which feed upon orange, Boisd. and Le C. 
mention P. epius in the East Indies, P. demoleus in western Africa, P. lysithous in 
Brazil, and state that there are several others which they could cite. 
