PINE BARK-BEETLES. 709 
under tbe breast. By transverse impressed lines it is divided into 
thirteen segments, the head being counted as one. Its head is polished 
and white, at least during the first periods of its life, with its mandibles 
chestnut brown, and no indications of eyes, and no feet, but with their 
places supplied by two small round retractile teat-like protuberances on 
the under side of each of the three segments next to the head. Having 
completed their growth, they sink themselves into the wood to repose 
during their pupa state. The small round hole which they perforate 
in the wood for this purpose is seen at or near the outer end of each 
burrow in which the worm has lived to reach maturity. 
The pupa resembles the perfect insect in its size aud shape, with the 
rudimentary legs and wings inclosed in sheaths and appressed to the 
outer surface of its body in front. After taking on its perfect form it 
perforates a, small round hole through the bark and comes out from the 
tree." (Fitch.) 
Bark-borers of this genus are said by Le Conte to have the body stout, 
cylindrical, with the slope of the elytra oblique, scarcely flattened ; the 
funicle of the antennae with four distinct joints, and the sensitive sur- 
face of the antennae concentrically annulated. In the present species 
along the slope of the elytra are two prominent tubercles and some 
smaller marginal ones, the elytra are strongly punctured in rows, the 
interspaces with rows of distant punctures, while the tibiae are strongly 
serrate. 
From eight hundred to a thousand specimens of this bark-borer, with 
hundreds of larvae and many pupae, were found in July and August at 
Brunswick, Me., under the bark of a white pine stump about 22 inches 
in diameter, the tree having been cut down the preceding November. 
The bark was honey-combed with its holes, the pupae resting in cells in 
the bark. The mines usually run obliquely through the thick bark, not 
sinking into the sap-wood, so that no regular mine was formed, and it is 
difficult to give a good description of it. The diameter of the track and 
of the hole for the exit of the beetle is slightly larger than that of Xylo- 
terns bivittatus. It is often two-striped, but this is due to the fact that 
it begins to turn dark in the middle of the elytra after transforming. 
It also occurred in abundance under the bark of the spruce, in the 
same place, associated with X. bivittatus. 
Two Scolytid or bark-boring beetles were observed in abundance, 
May 30, 1882, near Providence, under the bark of white pines (Pinus 
strobus), engaged in reproduction and egg-laying. The larger of these 
was Eylurgops pinifex Fitch, the smaller Xyleborus cwlatus Eich. 
Bringing specimens to my house, the next day I was able to observe 
their habits more closely. The following notes refer entirely to X. 
ccelatus. The female was in her hole, the end of her abdomen -extend- 
ing straight up out of the perpendicular hole or " mine;" a male ap- 
proached her and rubbed the end of her body with his fore pair of feet, 
