PINE BARK-BEETLES. 711 
The beetle, male. — It is only one-third the size of the largest female ; the eljtral 
strife are finer, the tubercles at the declivity smaller, the thorax much shorter, not 
longer than wide, anteriorly much more suddeuly rounded and distinctly depressed. 
The female (or one supposed to be the subject of its description) is said by Le Conte 
to be closely allied to X. xylographus, but differs by the punctures of the elytra being 
larger, and the hairs longer; the small punctures of the hind part of the thorax are 
also more evident, and the denticles of the posterior declivity of the elytra are fewer, 
being scarcely more than two on each of the alternate intervals. Length, 1 line. 
(Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc, ii, p. 145.) 
40. The coarse-writing bark-beetle. 
Tomicus calligraphus Germar. 
Under the bark of the pitch pine and other species of pine, mining long and often 
zigzag tracks lengthwise of the tree, these tracks having short, coarse, irregular 
branches, a chestnut-brown bark-beetle 0.18 to 0.22 long, clothed with numerous 
yellowish gray hairs, its thorax rougli anteriorly from close elevated points, and 
punctured posteriorly, its wing-covers with rows of coarse punctures, their tip 
broadly excavated as though with a gouge-chisel, the surface of this excavation 
rough from coarsish punctures, and its margin on each side with five or six small 
unequal teeth. Appearing mostly in the month of May. (Fitch.) 
"This species was originally named exesus, or the excavated bark- 
beetle, in allusion to the tips of its wing-covers, in the old Catalogue 
of Rev. F. V. Melsheimer, under which name a short account of it was 
published by Mr. Say in the year 1826. Germar, however, had de- 
scribed it two years before, under the name calligraphus, meaning ele- 
gant writer, which name it must retain, although not happily chosen, 
the tracks which this beetle forms under the bark beiug coarse, irreg- 
ular, confused, and far less beautiful than those of many of the species 
of this genus. 
"It is in the pitch pine that this beetle mostly occurs in the State of 
New York, but I have also met with it in the limb of aged white pines, 
and farther south it is common in the yellow pine. Its burrow is some- 
what like that of Xyleborus ccelatus, consisting of a single long fur- 
row extending lengthwise of the tree or limb, from 6 to 12 inches in 
length, but it is less straight in this species, being usually curved more 
or less, and according to accounts it is often perfectly zigzag. The 
same notches are formed along its sides as noticed in the foregoing 
species, in which the eggs are deposited; but the lateral burrows which 
branch from the central one have no regularity whatever to them, being- 
given off sometimes obliquely and sometimes at right angles, sometimes 
abruptly widening into a broad, irregular, flat cavity, and sometimes 
continuing of the same width through their whole length, either straight, 
irregularly wavy, or tortuous, turning here and there wherever an unoc- 
cupied space occurs into which they can be extended. These branches 
are usually of the same width with the central gallery, and like it are 
furrowed equally deep in the outer surface of the wood and the inner 
surface of the bark. The pupa state is passed in a cell excavated in 
the bark, and not in the wood, as in the foregoing species, and when 
