PINE BARK-BEETLES. 725 
prothorax is coarsely and rugosely punctured. The pubescence of the 
clypeal spots is sometimes yellow, sometimes gray. Length, 6.8 mm to 
10.2 mm ; .27 to .4 inch. There are several closely allied species which 
probably will be found to depredate on the pine. 
Our own observations on this borer were made many years ago at 
Brunswick, Me. The burrows run under the bark of the trunk of the 
white pine ; they extend irregularly over the inner surface of the bark, 
sinking down into the sap-wood, where in the autumn the larva makes 
a cell nearly a quarter of an inch deep, arched over at the top with a 
thick roof of M sawdust" or chips it had bitten off from the wood; over 
a surface of four square inches were eight or ten cells. Each cell in 
the middle of March contains a yellowish-white footless grub, half an 
inch long. Two weeks later we found two pupae and two perfect bee- 
tles, one apparently having just thrown off its pupa skin. 
The history of the pales weevil seems, then, to be somewhat as fol- 
lows: In May and June the beetle bores its way out from the cell, par- 
tially creeping out of the old larval burrow ; flies about on sunny, warm 
days in April and May, then lays its eggs either on the sides of the 
opening of its old burrow, or in the crevices of the bark. Early in 
summer the young worm hatches, and burrows under the bark through- 
out the summer, until it matures in the autumn, and makes the cell 
deep in the sap-wood, where it hybernates, and about the first of April 
changes to a pupa. 
The cycle of its life is completed when the beetles fly forth early in 
May, and seek their mates, preparatory to laying the eggs from which 
a third generation is born. We have found the weevils flying about 
in Providence, R. I., during the middle of May. 
55. The two-forked southern timber-beetle. 
Carphohorus hifurcus Eichhoff. 
Inhabiting the southern pine ; mine consisting of a long, sinuous, narrow, primary 
gallery, from which rather short secondary galleries run out at nearly right angles; 
the beetle being minute. 
Le Conte states that the species of this genus are next allied to Den- 
droctonus, but are minute in size and with long bodies. The elytra are 
striate with large approximate punctures. The funicle of the antennae 
is five-jointed; first joint large and rounded, the others closely united, 
forming a short, conical mass, as in Phloeosinus ; club large, slightly 
pubescent, moderately compressed ; rounded, obtuse at tip, and divided 
by two straight sutures ; the first joint of the club is more shining than 
the others. There are three species of the genus, G. simplex inhabiting 
the Mohave Desert, California. G. bifurcus differs from G. b'icristatus 
in having the first and third interspaces of the elytra all moderately 
elevated, the second not much narrowed on the declivity or inclined 
end of the elytra. The punctures of the elytral striae are also larger. 
