THE NANTUCKET PINE MOTH. 
753 
j$&£4^ 
Fig. 260. — Retinia frustrana Scud- 
der: Larva, pupa, adult and work. 
— From Comstock. 
in the bud or into the bases of the leaves, which were also mined; or 
not infrequently they dropped from the twig, suspending themselves 
by a silken thread . The bud was often so 
hollowed that it dropped to pieces almost at a 
touch. 
"At the time when they were first noticed 
larvae of almost all sizes were to be found. 
Some were apparently almost full-grown, 
while others had evidently not been long 
hatched. The nearly full-grown specimens 
measured 8 mm (0.31 inch) in length. The 
first pupae were obtained early in June. 
Most of 'he larvae transformed within the 
burrows which they had made, first spinning 
more or less of a silken envelope about them- 
selves. Others, however, issued from their 
mines and spun rather tough grayish cocoons 
between the leaves. The pupae were short, 
stout, and brown in color, with each seg- 
ment furnished dorsally with two serrated lines, one consisting of large 
and the other of fine teeth. 
"The first moths issued June 13, the pupae having previously worked 
their way, by means of the spines just mentioned, into such positions 
that they could give forth the moths without injury to the latter, and a 
few weeks later almost every shoot had one or more of the empty pupa 
skins protruding from it. Specimens of the moths were sent to Pro- 
fessor Fernald, who determined them as identical with Mr. Scudder's 
manuscript -species Retinia frustrana. 
u In the latter part of July specimens of the twigs of Finns rigida 
were received from Mr. S. H. Gage, of Ithaca, which had evidently 
been infested by the same insect, although no living, inhabitants were 
to be found. In September other specimens were received from the 
same gentleman, and this time pupae and one larva were found. Ac- 
cording to Mr. Gage the insect is not very common in that locality. 
"In the latter part of August individuals of the second brood were 
very abundant in the scrub-pine in the vicinity of Washington. As 
before, they were found in almost every stage of growth, and the dif- 
ference was even more marked. In one instance five larvae of greatly 
differing sizes were found in one shoot. The smaller ones were boring 
into the bases of the leaves, and the larger ones into the twig p roper. 
The largest of the five had made quite a long channel from the 
tip of the bud down into the heart of the twig. Pupae were also 
found at this time, which did not give forth the moth until late in the 
winter. 
"The usual mode of hibernation is in the pupa state. A thorough 
search in January in the field showed only pupae. The pupae collected 
5 ent 48 
