PINE SAW-FLIES. 759 
80. Lophyrus pinetum Norton. 
Besides the species of Lophyrus above mentioned, there are four other 
species of this genus, which probably live on coniferous trees, and also 
the following species known to infest the pine : Lophyrus pinetum Nor- 
ton, female, with nineteen antennal joints, on pine (Norton in Packard's 
Guide, p. 226). 
81. The pitch-pine saw-fly. 
Lophyrus pini-rigidce Norton. 
With the general habits and appearance of the preceding species, but so far as yet 
known confined to the pitch-pine. 
This saw-fly was described by Mr. Norton in our " Guide to the Study 
of Insects." The larvae are allied to those of Lophyrus abietis, and 
during one summer ravaged the young pitch-pines, which had been 
raised from the seed on a plantation at Eastham, Mass., on Gape Cod. 
The female lays her eggs singly in one side of a "needle" of the pine, 
though sometimes an egg is inserted on each side of the leaf. 
Female.— Length, 0.30 ; expanse of wings, 0.65 of an inch ; antenuae 17-jointed, 
short, brown; color luteous brown, with a black line joining the ocelli; a black 
stripe down each of the lobes of the thorax above and the sutures behind; body 
paler beneath; the trochanters and base of tLe tibiae waxen; claws with an inner 
tooth near the middle ; wings very slightly clouded ; cross nervure of the lanceolate 
cell straight. 
Male. — Length, 0.25; expanse of wings, 0.55 of an inch; antennae 15-jointed, 
black, quite short, with twelve branches on each side, those at the base nearly as 
long as the sixth and seventh ; apical joint simple, enlarged at base ; color of insect 
black, with the abdomen at apex and beneath yellow-brown ; legs the same color at 
base ; below the knees whitish. The male looks precisely like that of L. abietis, but 
the form of the antennae is different, being much shorter. The female looks much 
like L. abdominalis Say, taken on the pine near New York. (Norton.) 
Mr. W. C. Fish wrote me some years ago from Eastham, Mass., as 
follows regarding this insect and the attacks upon it by the white- 
winged crossbill : 
In the fall of 1868 there was a second brood of the larvaB of Lophyrus pini-rigida? 
Norton. On the 16th of September I noticed a few nearly grown, but the greater 
part of those seen at that date were very small. On the 15th of October I noticed 
large flocks of the white-winged crossbill hovering over and alighting upon the 
young pines that were infested with these larvae. There were certainly three or 
four hundred birds in some of these flocks. I soon learned that they were feeding 
upon the larvae, as I had many opportunities to watch them while feeding among 
the trees. I also took numbers of the larvae from the stomachs of several individuals 
that I shot. 
I had one in confinement several days, feeding it with these larvae. Those out of 
doors seemed to discard the head and harder legs of the larvae, but the one in con- 
finement swallowed the insect entire. These birds were abundant through Novem- 
ber and December, and more or less common all winter. Some of the larvae were 
found quite late in November, after we had experienced severe freezing weather. I 
saw them frozen stiff several times. 
On the 27th of November I took several into the house, where they spun their 
cocoons and the saw-flies came out the next spring. So well did the crossbills do 
