7b'8 FIFTH REPORT OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL COMMISSION. 
88. The southern ram sphinx. 
Ellema oontferarftn (Abb.-Sin.). 
(Yoang Larva. Plate xxxiv, figs 1, lo-l/, details.) 
The following account of tbe transformations of this moth is copied 
from Mr. A. Koebele in Bulletin Brooklyn Entomological Society 
(iv, p. 20). A manuscript plate by Abbot in the library of the Boston 
Society of Natural History gives an excellent colored figure of the 
larva, which is represented as feeding on Pintts rigida. 
Mature larva.— The larva of this insect was originally figured by Abbot and Smith, 
and is by them represented as being checkered with light and dark-gray squares. 
This form was found by me at Tallahassee, on Pinus pahistri.s, but infested by para- 
sites, and another in the jaws of Pas'unachus subsulcatus, but as feeding indiscrimi- 
nately on all kinds of pine. The pink color occurs in the larva only after the third 
molt. The most remarkable part of the history of the insect is the extraordinary 
change which takes place in the shape of the head of the larva at different periods 
of its growth. Immediately after birth it is round. With the first molt it becomes 
angular and Smerinthus-like. This is very much increased with the second and 
third molts, so that in these it is fully four or five times its width, running up to a 
sharp point at the summit. When disturbed at this age the larva thrusts down the 
extremity of its head so it lies straight in a line with the body. Ordinarily it car- 
ries the point erect. There is very much variation in the imagines. Front wings 
broader or narrower, many uniform ash-gray in color, many have the two black 
dashes near the middle of the fore wing, some have only one. Some have a band of 
lighter gray across the wings, and some have dark lines and markings. Some, apart 
from the color of the abdomen, which remains uniform, exactly resemble Sphinx 
pinastri of Europe. 
The egg. — It is very dark green and hatches in eight days. The larva develops to 
full size in about six weeks. It goes into the ground to pupate and remains in the 
pupal state a month or mora. There are at least two broods each year. 
Larva. — The much more common form is light yellowish green in color with thiee 
white lines on each side, one just below the dorsal line, a second stigmatal, and the 
third half way between these. The back stigmatal spaces and the under part of the 
body are strongly marked with red. The body is cylindrical, hardly varying in size 
from one end to the other. There is no caudal horn through all its history. The 
head is of medium size, light yellowish green, edged along the collar with a blue 
line. There is a black line running from each corner of the mouth to the summit of 
the head and there they meet one another. The head is rounded, somewhat conical, 
flattened in front. The length of the full-grown larva is 2$ to 3 inches. 
89. Harris's pine hawk-moth. 
Ellema harrisii (Clemens). 
(Larva, Plate xi, fig. 5.) 
A grass-green caterpillar with no caudal horn, but a caudal plate granulated and 
edged with white, with yellow subdorsal and lateral bands, and a white stripe bor- 
dering the stigmata ; becoming fully fed and leaviug the white pine about the mid- 
dle of September, the pupa subterranean, and the moth appearing about the middle 
of June in New York. (Lintner.) 
