PINE CATERPILLARS. 775 
its legs until its tip is held between them. The caterpillars spin their 
cocoons beneath leaves lying in the bottom of the breeding-cage, the 
moth emerging June 12. It is interesting to see that this, like several 
other caterpillars of the pine in this country and Europe, are colored 
red like the pine shoots, and are thus perfectly protected from their 
enemies. 
Though usually occurring on the white pine late in August and 
through September, as observed in Maine and Khode Island, it also 
occurs on the hackmatack, where we have observed several half- grown 
ones in Maine, August 20. It spins its cocoon about the middle of Sep- 
tember ; the moth appearing the following June. 
The caterpillars are usually reddish, the color of the base of the pine 
needles, but occasionally they occur without any trace of red. 
Larva before the last molt. — Head large, rounded, reddish, not so wide as the pro- 
thoracic segment, which is broad, swollen on the side ; a pair of stiff spike-like tufts 
of hair arise from the two dorsal tubercles, which are reddish at base and blackish at 
the end. These two are succeeded by a pair one-third as long, and the tubercles be- 
hind throw off erect as well as laterally radiating reddish hairs. The tufts and 
tubercles are a little larger on the third segment from the end of the body. There 
are two rows of lateral hairy warts and a row at the base of the legs. Body and hairs 
pale rust-red, a lateral irregular whitish stripe sending prolongations upwards ; an 
interrupted dorsal median white line. Legs reddish. Adapted for protection by its 
rust-red color, which is like that of the terminal pine twigs. It maybe known by the 
pale rust-red color, the short thick hairy body, and the prothoracic stiff erect black 
and red tufts. Length 15 mm . 
Larva after the last molt. — The body is black, with sparse, dull, light-yellow hairs 
radiating from dark or pale mammilke. A pair of long prothoracic straight tufts 
projecting over the head, and a pair of long similar erect ones on the eighth segment. 
All the legs reddish. Length, 28 mm . Some mature ones at Providence turn black, 
and in form are like the larva figured by Lintner, the spikes whitish, but the broken 
lateral line still white. 
Moth. — Antennae pectinated ; fore wings rather triangular, ashen white, dusted 
with fine dark scales. The fore wings are crossed by a twice-bent basal black lino, 
within which at the insertion of the wing is a short basal spot. A second straight 
line crosses the wing just before its middle, and from it branches at nearly right 
angles a line which becomes straight above the second median nervule and parallel 
to the inner line, thus inclosing a large square area which is concolorous with the 
rest of the wing. There is a submarginal obscure line, shaded externally with white, 
which is irregularly zigzag, and runs down more than usual in the second median 
interspace towards the margin of the wing. Hind wings whitish, especially on the 
outer border, with a bioad obscure dusky submarginal line. Expanse of wings, 1.50 
inches. 
99. Apatela oblinita Abb. and Sm. 
The caterpillar of this moth occurred on the pitch pine August 8 to 
12. It began to spin a cocoon on the 12th by drawing needles together 
and spinning a cocoon between them, and the moth appeared June 1 
of the following year. 
Larva. — Body cylindrical, short and thick, with large rounded tubercles from 
which arise short tufts of radiating yellow hairs, often tipped with black. Body 
dark green with a broad dorsal longitudinal band. Two lateral interrupted narrow 
black lines. Head shining black. 
