780 FIFTH REPORT OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL COMMISSION. 
106. Tin: RKD-HBAD INCH-WORM. 
Semiothinu biiignata (Walker). 
(Larva, Plate vi, fig. 3.) 
This is one of the most common of the inch or span worms which live 
at the expense of our coniferous trees. It occurs abundantly on the 
white pine in the neighborhood of Providence as late as October, and 
in Maine, at Brunswick, occurs in July, August, aud September. Its 
green body is of the hue of the leaves among which it lives, while the 
reddish sides of the head, and the reddish thoracic legs are in harmony 
with the tints of the reddish sheaths of the pine needles; the white 
lines are like the white lines on the needles; hence it would be difficult 
we imagine for an insectivorous bird to detect such a caterpillar. It is 
to be found in Maine not only on the white and pitch pine, but on the 
spruce aud fir. It transforms into a chrysalis in August, and through 
September as late as the 20th, and appears the following June, not 
spinning a cocoon, but entering the earth to pupate. I have found it 
difficult to keep the pupae over winter, and was fortunate after several 
unsuccessful attempts at hibernating the pupa, to have one moth issue, 
November 15, and to find that it belonged to a well-known species, 
which flies commonly in pine woods throughout New England in June. 
In the neighborhood of Providence I have noticed that the caterpillar 
is often without the reddish patches on the sides of the head. 
Larva. — The body is of the width and length of a fir leaf, being rather thick and uni- 
formly so. Head green in the middle, bright reddish on the sides, mottled with red- 
brown, and with two converging, narrow oval, pale red spots in front just below the 
vertex ; clypeus tinged with red. Body pale green ; a broad dorsal whitish green 
band of the same color as the under side of a fir leaf, and containing a median darker 
dorsal stripe. The band is whitish on the edges, next below which are two very 
narrow dark-brown hair lines. A whitish line below the stigmata, and still farther 
below a narrow whitish line, and two parallel dark subventral lines. The thoracic 
legs reddish ; the abdominal legs green. Length 18-20 mm . 
Pupa. — Body of the usual shape, and mahogany-brown color, and of the usual pro- 
portions, with the surface rather coarsely pitted. The cremaster is a rather broad 
stout spine, ending in a rather long slender cylindrical spine; there are no curved 
spinules on the sides, as in the species which spin a cocoon. Length 11 to 12 mm . 
The moth. — A.ntennae of male flattened, serrate, ciliated. Forewings as falcate as 
in S. praatomata ; hind wings very much angulated, more so than in S. prwatomata, 
the angle being very marked. Head, antennae, and palpi bright reddish-ocherous. 
Body and wings whitish-ocherous, gray, densely speckled with brown, being much 
paler than usual. Forewings crossed by three brown lines, arising from moderately 
sized costal spots. The inner line much curved, somewhat angular below the costa, 
but not enlarged on the costa. Second line arising from a rather large light-brown 
costal spot ; it is not curved and is rather diffuse. Outer line tremulous, curved out- 
ward between the costa and median vein, darker on costa. A reddish-brown, oblong, 
broad costo-apical spot nearly touches the line ; this spot is continued across the wing 
by a faint reddish shade, especially marked between the first and second median 
venules. Below this spot, in the middle of the wing, the marginal brown line, else- 
where not interrupted, is continuous and well marked in the apical sinus. No discal 
