THE PINE LEAF-MINER. 795 
slender than those of the pitch pine, and, from observations made upon 
it, it would seem that one leaf, if small, does not afford all of the food 
needed by a larva. 
"When found on the 1st of January this specimen was hibernating, 
the mouth of its burrow being covered with a thin silken curtain. Six 
days after, being transferred to a warm room, it was found that this 
curtain had been broken and the insect had left its mine. It was soon 
found on another leaf, and the same day formed a new burrow, where 
it continued to eat until January 23, at which time it had completely 
excavated the leaf. After this date all operations appear to have been 
suspended, and there were no signs of life in the burrow until March 3 r 
when a Proctotrupid parasite issued. 
" Leaves of P. rigida are frequently observed to be completely mined 
out, and nearly full-grown larvae are occasionally found crawling about 
over the leaves and twigs; so it seems probable that with this species 
of pine also two leaves may sometimes be successively mined by the 
same larva. 
"The full-grown larva is nearly 5 mm in length (.19 inch). Its color is 
light brown, with the head and prothoracic shield and the anal plate 
black. The body is clothed with a few delicate hairs. The form of the 
larva is shown in the figure. Upon reaching full growth the larva spins 
a slight covering to the mouth of the mine and retreats a short distance 
above it (from 10 mm to 15 mm ). There, after spinning a few supporting 
lines of silk, it transforms to a long and slender chrysalis, light -brown 
at first but afterwards nearly black. When removed from the mine the 
pupa is very active, jerking the short end of the abdomen (which ex- 
tends below the wing cases) from side to side with rapidity. The dura- 
tion of the pupa state is from ten to fourteen days. The moth makes 
its exit from the pupa shell without disturbing the position of the latter, 
leaving it attached by its threads some distance up the mine, and works 
its own way to the entrance. 
"There are certainly two broods of this insect each year, probably 
three, and possibly more in exceptional seasons. Of the general hiber- 
nating habits of the genus, Stainton says: ' Of a few species the young 
larvae live through the winter, but I believe the greater number pass 
the winter in the egg and pupa state. 7 With the present species the 
nearly full grown larvae have been found during the winter, but not in 
great numbers. What we consider to be the egg of this species has 
also been found in apparently healthy condition in midwinter, and 
the insect, without much doubt, hibernates in both of these forms, and 
possibly in either of the others. The moths of the first brood issue 
during the entire month of June, the difference between the earlier 
and later ones probably depending upon the form in which they hiber- 
nate. 
"As we have stated before, larvae almost identical in appearance 
with those found on Pinus rigida in New York have been discovered on 
