906 FIFTH REPORT OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL COMMISSION. 
this insect as early as the 1st of May. I have never observed it making attacks ear 
lier than the 1st of September, continuing until the latter part of October. 
The attacks of this insect are made on healthy trees, and I have seen no less than 
fifteen cedars entirely killed in the public square of Clay Center, Kans., that would 
average six inches in diameter at the base. This Scolytid is not a native, but has 
been introduced in cedar posts brought to the lumber-yards from Michigan and Ar- 
kansas. 1 have examined posts from Arkansas which contained the perfect beetle, 
(hut dead), larva 1 , and papa. When these pupa- had completed their transforma- 
tions, cedars in close proximity to the lumber-yard were at once liable to attack. 
The primary gallery of this insect as examined iu Arkansas cedars is short and 
straight, being from 18 to 25 mm in length, and 3 mm in width. The gallery widens at 
one end into a trilobed chamber twice as wide as the main gallery. The number of 
lateral or secondary galleries on each side varies from 15 to 60. These, secondary 
galleries are from one-half to l" 1 " 1 in width, and those arising near the euds of the 
main gallery are about 45 mm in length, those arising near the middle are about one- 
half as long. 
The burrows are about one half in the wood and one half in the bark. The second- 
ary galleries rarely cross each other, and when they do, it is owing to some inequality 
in the surface of the wood, or the close proximity of the burrows. 
This bark-borer is not without its enemies. I found fully one-half the pupae cases 
examined contained nothing but the remains of a parasite that had destroyed the 
pupa, and had itself failed to escape. The perfect fly was also seen passing over the 
surface of the bark, seeking a favorable point to make an attack on his victim. Speci- 
mens of this fly were sent to Mr. L. O. Howard, Assistant U. S. Entomologist, who 
pronounced it a Chalcid fly belonging to the genus Spathius. 
Leconte states that it inhabits the Middle and Eastern States and 
Canada, and gives the following description of it : 
The beetle. — In the genus Phloeosinus the funicle or stalk of the antennas is much 
shorter than the club ; the first joint is rounded ; the remaining four joints are closely 
united and gradually become broader; the club is large, oval, compressed, obtusely 
rounded, and divided by straight well-marked sutures. P. dentatus is rather smaller 
than the other species of the genus, except P. })unctatu8, with the declivity of the 
elytra more abrupt and flattened, and less convex; the striae are impressed and 
scarcely punctured, the interspaces are wide, densely and strongly granulate and ru- 
gose; the rugosities becoming acute tubercles ou the declivity of the alternate inter- 
spaces; second interspace not depressed on the declivity and furnished with a row 
of smaller tubercles in some specimens, but not in others. This difference is probably 
sexual. The head is granulate-punctate, and the front is not carinate. 
2. The Prussian blue pine-borer. 
Callidium antennatum Newman. 
In company with the juniper bark-borer, miuing dying and dead juniper trees ; its 
mine a long, shallow, irregular sinuous gallery about 6 ,nm wide in the broadest part ; 
the beetles occurring under the bark early in May in southern New England. 
This common borer has already been noticed as infesting the pine 
(p. 700). It is nearly as common, perhaps, iu the juniper; at least I 
have found it so in the vicinity of Providence, R. I., where it mines dead 
or dying juniper trees iu company with Phloeosinus dentatus. In one 
small tree, three inches iu diameter, uearly a dozeu iniues occurred, and 
as many of the beetles were taken from uuder the bark ou the 2d and 
