THE JUNIPER WEB- WORM. 
911 
not yet been found on our native juniper. It is a well-known English 
and German moth. There is one annual brood of worms. The insect 
hybernates at different stages of larval development, and the chrysalis 
is found throughout the spring months. The moths begin to appear 
as early as April, but continue to issue during the summer. The worm 
from birth webs the leaflets together, and lives within a more or less 
perfect silken tube, this tube being more complete around the hyber- 
nating individuals. The sprigs and branches affected by the worm 
present a seared and brown appearance, and a tree badly affected may 
be recognized at a great distance." Riley adds, in a later report: 
"Among the insects to which I have given some attention during the 
year is one which may be known by the above popular name. Mr. P. 
H. Foster, of the Babylon nurseries, 
Babylon, L. I., had already corre- 
sponded with me about the ravages 
of this worm in 1877, and, after rear- 
ing the perfect moth and ascertain- 
ing the principal facts in its natural 
history, I had given no further atten- 
tion to the matter until the following 
letter was received : 
Babylon. L. I., May 13, 1878. 
Dear Sir : I send you, by mail this day, 
some specimens of diseased juniper. I find 
a very small worm encased in a covering, 
some of which, no doubt, can still be found 
iu the specimen sent. Also one perfect in- 
sect and one pupa can be found. I have in 
my nursery some 200 to 300 fine Irish and 
Swedish junipers, and unless I can find a 
remedy they will soon be worthless to me. 
Yours, respectfully, 
P. H. Foster. 
"The injuries of this insect had 
never before been reported in this 
country, but the species has long been 
known to affect junipers in the south 
of England and other parts of Europe. 
The probability is, therefore, that it is 
a comparatively recent importation, 
though Mr. Foster can give me no in- 
formation that satisfactorily bears upon the point, since he himself 
never imported any junipers, but obtained his stock when quite small 
of Messrs. Higgins, of Flushing. 
"Heine* cites this species as having but a limited distribution, reach- 
ing in Germany to Mecklenburg. It is rare there, the moth appearing 
Fig. 302. — The juniper web-worm ; a, sprig of 
juniper, showing manner in which the larva 
works ; b, larva, dorsal view ; c, chrysalis, 
dorsal view; d, moth; b, c, d, enlarged.— 
After Riley. 
Schmetterlinge Deutschlands und der Schweiz. 
