Table III. 
Constructed chiefly from materials contained in a Report by Dr. Hector of date 13. April 1864. 
Tertiary 
hydrous Coals of Otago, l 
Character of 
Percentage of 
Locality. 
Physical Characters of Coal-Specimen Analysed. 
opecinc 
Gravity. 
Fixed 
Carbon. 
Volatile 
Powder. 
Ash. 
Coke. 2 
Coke. 
Hydro- | 
carbons. 
Ash. 
Sulphur. 
Water. 
I. Clutha-Coal Point. 
1. 
Common Drown Coal. — Fracture moderately bright — conchoid al ; 
Deep brown. 
White or light 
Dull. 
1.280 
43.28 
38.99 
37.28 
5.46 
16.10 
becomes dull on exposure; streak deep brown; burns freely with a 
very slight odour; contains laminae of Jet. 
grey. 
Do. Top of Main Seam. 
2. 
Brown Coal, apparently of very superior quality. — Distinctly lamin- 
ated; traversed irregularly by thin plates of Jet; contains abundance 
of Mineral Resin , scattered through its substance in small specks, 
or occuring in large notulated masses, also Iron PyrUes in its cracks. 
Dull brown. 
White. 
Do. 
1.258 
42.79 
43.23 
33.87 
3.36 
3.63 
12.94 
Do. Middle ot' Main Seam. 
3. 
Quality and characters as in No. 2. 
Do. 
Do. 
Do. 
1.267 
41.10 
39.12 
35.67 
4.43 
— 
16.35 
Do. Bottom of Main Seam. 
4. 
Blacker: more compact and massive; Fracture conchoidal in all direc- 
Light chocolate 
Do. 
Do. 
1.275 
40.46 
39.71 
32.24 
7.28 
3 85 
16.96 
tions; streak chocolate brown; possesses higher illuminating power 
than Nos. 2 and 3; and contains fewer impurities, with exception 
brown. 
of nodules of Iron Pyrites. 
Do. Associated Sandstones. 
5. 
Jet; bright; lustrous; compact; streak black; burns with very great 
difficulty, caking slightly. 
Black. 
Light red. 
Iridescent 
— 
50.35 
89.04 
27.61 
11.31 
16.43 
II. Greenisland. 
6. 
Common Brown coal. — Dull; earthy; very moist when first ex- 
Dark brown. 
Very light; al- 
Slightly metal- 
1 256 
39.72 
36.83 
33.83 
4 32 
2.24 
19.33 
traded from the mine; absorbs water readily, with a crackling noise; 
most like that 
lie or i rides- 
laminated; fracture subconchoidal ; no trace of woody structure; 
of wood — Co- 
cent. 
streak dull, blackish-brown; contains thin plates of Jet; ignites 
slowly, and rather smoulders than burns; forms a useful fuel, when 
lour light buff. 
mixed with a better class of coals. 
Do. from another Pit. 
7. 
Quality and characters as in No. (5. 
Dull brown. 
Light buff. 
Dull. 
— 
43.12 
34.37 
2.25 
— 
20.26 
III. Saddlehill. 
8. 
Earthy Brown Coal. — Soft; dull; very moist; structure homo- 
geneous; no trace of vegetable tissue; streak dark brown; in burn- 
Do. 
Very light — 
Colour pure 
Do. 
1.294 
38.97 
39.07 
35.93 
2.78 
2.22 
15.95 
ing gives of off a foetid smell. 
white. 
IV. Shag Point. 
9. 
Pitch Coal. — Brownish black; very compact; fracture conchoidal 
Dull brownish 
Bulky ; light a r- 
Light; dull or- 
1.258 
50.68 
41.83 
37.31 
9.25 
4.78 
10.91 
and splintery; lustre fatty or resinous ; streak lustrous; does not ab- 
sorb water; does not soil the fingers; burns with a rich oily flame 
and a slight odour; on distillation at high temperatures yields a 
black. 
gillaceous — 
Chocolate 
brown. 
semi-metallic. 
rich gas , and at lower ones a large amount of oils. Probably one 
of the oldest tertiary coals of Otago. The Freest burning quality 
of Brown Coal yet found (1864) in that province. Its characters 
correspond with Dr. Percy’s definition of u Pitch Coal and it holds 
the same relative position among the Brown Coals of Otago that 
Cannel does among the household coals of Britain. 
- 
V. Tokomairiro. 
10. 
Dull Brown Coal. — Physical characters resemble those of Clutha and 
Dull brown. 
Light grey. 
Dull or semi-me- 
1.299 
41.38 
39.93 
37.55 
5.91 
— 
11.40 
Greenisland Coal. Streak brown ; contains occasional quartz pebbles. 
tallic. — Does 
not cake. 
11.15 
6.21 
11.06 
VI. Waitahuna. — Flat or 
11. 
Lignite, or Woody Brown Coal. — Dull; friable; slightly laminated; 
Light brown. 
Light buff. 
Imperfect; lu- 
— 
43.74 
35.20 
37.63 
Junction. 
contains a considerable amount of ligneous tissue; also mineral resin 
strous; slightly 
in small masses; burns slowly, like turf; with a heavy, foetid odour. 
Perhaps of more recent geological age than the Brown Coals proper. 
iridescent. 
Mean of the foregoing 11 Classes, which include varieties) 
1.273 
43.24 
39.64 
34.84 
6 13 
3 82 
15.24 
of Jet , Lignite, Brown Coal , and Pitch Coal S 
1 Dr. Hector regards the Otago Hrown Coals as of three distinct ages, the age being in each case indicated by the relative percentage of water of constitution. 
2 None of the tertiary coals of Otago cake. 

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