103 
the cavesof the Karst Mountains in Austria. The interesting pheno- 
menon of the W aikaromumu Springs in the Takaka valley, which 
send forth a powerful gush of water, is explained by the supposition 
that the water after a long subterraneous course breaks suddenly 
forth. This zone also can be traced in a southerly direction as 
far as Lake Rotorua. It is followed by the mica-schist and clay- 
slate zone. Garnet-bearing mica-schist, alternating with quartzite, 
constitutes the highest, sharply serrated crests of the Western 
ranges in the Anatoki mountains with peaks reaching a height 
of 6000 feet above the level of the sea, while farther to the West 
the mica-slate passes imperceptibly into clay-slate (pi iy llite). 
The 
View of the Haupiri range and of the Aorere gold-field, 
Slate-River Hill. Lead Hill. ° Mt. Olympus. 
Aorere valley, and the mountains 4000 to 5000 feet high on its 
east side , such as the Slate River Peak , Lead Hill , Mt, Olympus, 
and the whole ot the Ilaupiri range belong to the clay-slate zone, 
t he strata are very much inclined throughout the whole mica-slate 
and clay-slate zone , and variously bent. On Mt. Olympus the strata 
diverge from below towards the serrated edge of the mountain top 
like the folds of a fan. 
In the as yet but little explored Wakamarama coast range the 
succession of the crystalline slates seems to repeat itself in an in- 
verted order, but with less thickness, while on the West coast 
