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before it is ripe, to the Jamaica long pepper; when fully ripe it has 
an agreeable flavour, the leaves are infused as tea, and when brewed, 
make a very refreshing beer. 
Kahikatoa, Manuka (Leptospermuni scoparium) ; the leaves of this shrub 
are a very common substitute for tea. 
Monocotyledones: 
Ti, Whanake (Cordylme) ; there are several varieties of this tree, all of 
which have long tap roots, which the natives cook; they have then 
a bitter sweet taste; the early Missionaries brewed beer from them; 
the tender shoots are also eaten. 
Kiekie, Uriuri, Ori, Tiore, Patangatanga (Freycinetia) , this plant is found 
in forests, where it sometimes runs along the ground or climbs up 
the trees; it bears a male and female flower. In Autumn the pistils 
of the female flower, which are generally three, sometimes four in 
number, increase in size, until they attain a length of nearly a foot 
and a diameter of three inches; the outer skin is rough and bitter, 
but when scraped off, it exposes the pulp of the fruit, which when 
fully ripe, is very sweet and of an agreeable flavour; this may be 
considered by far the finest native fruit in New Zealand. It is called 
New Zealand’s pine-apple. 
Nikau, Miko (Areca sap Ida), the tender shoot is eaten, either row or 
cooked; in the former state it has the taste of a nut. 
Raupo CTypha angustifolia) , in swamps; the root, Korere, is white, 
tender and cellular, filled with a fine mealy substance which is eaten. 
Acotyledones : 
Mam aim, Pitau, Koran ( Cyathea medullaris) an arborescent fern; the 
entire stem being peeled is eaten and when cooked is very good; it 
is a favorite dish of the natives. 
Rarauhe (Pteris esculenta ), the common fern, the root of which (Aruhe) 
is eaten: when well beaten, roasted and deprived of its fibres, it is 
good eating; it is considered to be a preventive for sea sickness. 
Many of the N. Z. Fungi, and most of the Algae are edible, and still 
occasionally used as food. The Rimu (Chondrus crispus) possesses all 
the properties of the Carrigeen moss. 
