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are not visible; but from the East- and North-shores they are every- 
where seen towering high above those lower mountain-cones, by 
the natives so well designated their wives and children. Their 
names are: Pihanga, Kakaramea, Kuharua, Puke Kaikiore and 
Rangitukua. Pihanga, the eastern one of those cones, is also the 
highest. I estimate its height at 3500 feet above the level of the 
sea. Only its topmost peak, cleft by a deep chasm, is woodless, 
and displays already from a far a crater open towards North. 
Likewise the Kakaramea, the summit of which is of a red colour, 
bears probably a crater. Both craters are deemed extinct; but, 
the volcanic forces below have by no means been as yet lulled to 
their final repose; for on the northern declivity and at the foot 
of the Kakaramea it steams and bubbles and boils in more than 
a hundred places. 
I visited those hot springs on the very first day after my 
arrival at the lake in company of the Rev. Mr. Grace. East of 
Pukawa, in the rear of a steep promontory, a small bay extends 
south. The western-shore of this cove is formed by vertical bluffs 
consisting of alternating horizontal banks of trachyte, trachytic 
conglomerate and tuff. A small creek, the Waihi, plunges quite 
close to the South-end of the cove, in a magnificent fall about 
150 feet high over this bluff of rocks. At this cascade the moun- 
tains recede somewhat from the lake; and here already, from the 
conglomerate-layers forming the beach, hot water, of 125° to 153° E., 
is seen bubbling forth. By conducting this water into artificial 
basins, the natives have prepared several bathing-places, the water 
in which showed a temperature of 93° F. Conferves of a magni- 
ficent emerald-green cover the places, where the water flows, and 
silicious, not calcareous, sinter is deposited in them. But strange 
to say, there is amid those alkaline springs also a chalybeate one 
of 156*5° F. , which deposits large quantities of iron ochre. Above 
these springs on the side of the mountain , probably 500 feet above 
the lake , steam issues from innumerable places. The whole North- 
side of the Kakaramea mountain seems to have been boiled soft by 
hot steam, and to be on the point of falling in. From every 
