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crack and cleft on that side of the mountain hot steam and boil- 
ing water are streaming forth with a continual fizzing noise, as 
though hundreds of steam-engines were in motion. Those steam- 
ing fissures in the mountain-side, upon which every stone is decom- 
posed into reddish clay, the natives call Hipaoa, i. e. the chim- 
neys, and it was at the foot of that mountain-side, that in the 
year 1846 the village To Rapa was overwhelmed by an avalanche 
of mud, and the great Te Heuheu perished. The inhabitants of 
the Pah Koroiti upon the mountain terrace near the Wailii-falls use 
those steam-holes for cooking their victuals over them. The little 
cold brook, which empties into the lake at Te Rapa, is cal- 
led Ornohu. The chief range of springs, however, is on the South- 
side of that cove near the Maori village Tokanu at the river of 
the same name. From the small mountain-cone Maunganamu to 
the mouth of the Tokanu river it comprises an area of about two 
square-miles. It is, impossible, to describe every single point; I 
will therefore mention only the principal springs. 
The powerful column of steam visible far over the lake-shore, 
which is seen to ascend at Tokanu , belongs to te large fountain 
Pirori. Pirori signifies fountain, eddy. From a deep hole on the 
left hand bank of the river Tokanu , a boiling-hot water column 
of two feet diameter, always accompanied by a rapid development 
of steam, is whirling up to a height of six to ten feet. The na- 
tives , however , told me , that the water was frequently thrown up 
with a booming noise to a height of more than forty feet. At 
a few paces from it there is a basin eight feet wide and six deep, 
covered with a silicious deposit resembling chalcedony; it is called 
Te Korokoro-otopohinga, the jaws of Topohinga, in which the water 
is continually boiling. Fartlier-on we came to a warm creek Te 
Atakokoreke with a temperature of 113° F. , a favorite bathing- 
place of the natives. On the other side of the creek, there are 
three basins close together. Te Puia-nui , the large spout , was 
filled with clear, and but gently bubbling water of 186 , 8 n F. 1 to 
1 In reference to a chemical analysis of the water of this spring comp, the 
Appendix (o Chapter XVIII. 
