TREE PIPIT. 207 
and are blotched, spotted, or freckled over with 
darker shades of the same colours. 
The Tree Pipit so closely resembles the pre- 
ceding bird, as formerly, by many, to be con- 
founded with it. The variance in the habits first 
drew attention, and then the differences of form 
and of the shades of colouring become apparent, 
It is a more lengthened and more slender 
formed bird than the last, but is at once easily 
distinguished by a comparison of the hinder 
claws, which, in the former, are lengthened, and 
but slightly curved, being formed for walking; 
while in the latter they assume the arboreal 
structure, and are short and crooked. In its 
winter state of plumage, where a slight change in 
the tint may occur, we have not had an oppor- 
tunity of examining it. In the summer or breed- 
ing state it may be thus described : — 
The whole of the upper plumage deep oil 
green, of a paler tint on the nape, and having the 
centres of the feathers on the crown and back 
umber brown, which becomes distributed in lines ; 
wings umber brown, quills narrowly edged with 
grayish white, scapulars margined with grayish 
white, and the greater and lesser coverts tipped 
and edged with the same colour ; the latter of 
a clear tint, and forming a conspicuous bar across 
the wing ; tail umber brown, outer feather white, 
except the base of the inner web, second tipped 
with white ; the under parts pale yellowish white, 
shaded into buff orange on the breast and flanks, 
and having each feather marked at the tips with 
