20 16, PUERTO BXC0 EXPERIMENT STATION 
new infestations and these are eliminated with the manure, any 
measures which are taken in regard to the proper disposal of manure 
will aid in preventing infestations with this tapeworm. 
OTHBB WORM PARASH 
The whipworm {Trichuris ovis) (fig. 3, E) is found in the La 
intestine 01 cattle and goats. This worm i- common in calves. T& 
body of the worm is thick posteriorly and very slender anteriorly, 
the anterior portion of the body being 2 or '■'> times a- long as the 
posterior portion. Whipworms set up an inflammation, with the 
likelihood of the Lining of the intestine being infected by bacteria. 
Because of their location, treatment with anthelmintic- i< not very 
effective. The preventive measures as given for stomach worms 
(]). 15) and other worms should be followed. 
Syngamosis caused by the worm Syngwmus laryng&as (fig. 3, 
F ) in the larynx, occurs in cattle and iroats. The worm appear- to 
be double-headed and Y-shaped because the shorter male is attached 
to the larger female worm. It appear- to give rise only to a local 
lesion at the point of attachment. Infestations by 1 or '1 worm-, in 
man. have caused considerable irritation. The worm is common and 
lather conspicuous and, because of its location, stockmen are likely 
to ascribe to it the symptoms of lungworm infestation. 
The stomach fluke (C otylophoron cotylophorum) (fig. 3, /) is 
found attached among the papillae of the rumen or paunch of cattle. 
It is about 1*2 millimeters (one-half inch) in length and conical in 
shape. This conical fluke is found in the same districts as the liver 
fluke. Similar to the liver fluke it is common in both young and 
mature animals. It is usually considered as not impairing the health 
of the host but massive infestations, which sometimes occur, appar- 
ently cause emaciation. Infestations can be prevented by destroying 
the snails as described for the liver fluke. 
Several other kinds of roundworms have been found in the stomach 
(abomasum) and small intestine of cattle. The species have been 
identified as Haemonclms similis, Ostertagia ostertagL Trichostro/,- 
gylus axek Cooperia punctata, Capillar* a brevipes, and Strongy- 
loides papillosum. These worms may be overlooked if they occur in 
small numbers together with infestations of the more conspicuous 
stomach worms or hookworms. Most of these worms, and probably 
all of them, are injurious, but at present they are. so far as known. 
of relatively less importance in comparison with stomach worms. 
hookworms, and nodular worms. The method of prevention as 
recommended for stomach worms, and other worm-, will help t<> 
protect cattle from infestations with these worms. 
The bladderworm (Gysticercm bovis) i^ about the size of a pea 
and is grayish white in color. It may be found in any organ but 
usually in the muscles of the jaw. tongue, heart, and diaphra 
It is apparently uncommon locally in cattle and i- rarely det< 
in the slaughtered animal. The prevention of infestation in cattle 
is dependent upon the proper disposal of the excrement of man. The 
bladderworm is the intermediate stage of the beef tapeworm (Taenia 
saginata) in man. In Puerto Rico the beef tapeworm is said to 
he more common than the pork tapeworm. Eating raw or partially 
