12 BULLETIN 36, PUERTO BICO EXPERIMENT STATION 
be darker than aormaJ due to the presence of bile pigment An accu- 
liagnosis of the disease can be made by microscopic examination 
of the blood. 
Treatment.- The management and treatment of sick animals is the 
same as thai recommended for piroplasmosis except that trypan-blne 
Is of no value. There is do known specific for treating this di» 
A veterinarian should be called at once as delay may result in the 
death of sick animals. 
Prevention. — Susceptible imported cattle should be managed as 
described under piroplasmosis. Any Instrument which may carry or 
inoculate the fresh blood 6f one animal into that of another, such as 
dehorning instruments, syringe needle-, etc.. should be cleaned and 
disinfected after each operation. A> the carriers of this dig 
imperfectly known, the control measures recommended at this time 
are incomplete. 
The prevention of both anaplasmosis and piroplasmosis in native 
cattle is practically impossible under existing conditions. A- b 
result of lowered vitality caused by some other disease, by parturi- 
tion, or by exposure, privation, injury, and rough handling, the 
immunity of the animal becomes reduced and finally overcome and 
one or the other of these disea>e> may occur. ( )ften there is no indi- 
cation of an impoverished condition. The most that can be done is 
to avoid anything that may tend to lower the resistance of the animal. 
The high-producing milk cow should have a long rest period and 
should be fed well and carefully handled previous to parturition. 
The cattle tick should be controlled by frequent dipping or spraying. 
COCCIDIOSIS 
The coccidia Eimeris spp. (tin". ~. ( ). are microscopic round or 
oval organisms which attack the mucosa or lining of the intestine. 
Life hfeto7y. — Infection is conveyed by contaminated food and 
water. The coccidia in the body multiply in large numbers, but 
after several generations an encysted stage is produced which passes 
out in the feces. The disease is self-limited and ultimately dies out 
in the absence of reinfection. 
Importance. — Coccidia are often found in feces of cattle, especially 
during and following the wet season. The finding of these organ- 
isms indicates that the animal has zoological coccidiosis, but not 
ssarily clinical coccidiosis as coccidia may occur in apparently 
normal animals. This is usually a disease of young stock but also 
occurs in older animals. This disease seems to be uncommon 
although it is possible that it is not always recognized. 
Symptoms. — Coccidiosis is an acute disease and often terminate- 
fatally. The first noticeable symptom is a diarrhea in which the 
contain mucus and blood. Later there i> a loss of appetite, 
of flesh, and a slight U>\<>\\ A fetid, bloody diarrhea may 
lop. 
Treatment. — Preventive treatment seems to be the only feasible 
program known at present Medicinal treatment should be given by 
i veterinarian. As the seriousness of the disease depends consider- 
ably on the Dumber of organisms taken into the body, measures 
should he taken to keep the numbers ingested at a minimum. The 
