and rescue op orations, facilitated "by both "field and base hospitals," 
effected the recovery of many hundreds of waterfowl. Several hundred 
ducks, including many ducklings, perished on the shore of Utah Lake as a 
result of an outbreak soon after the hatching season. 
During the period 1933-37 botulism appeared in numerous localities 
in California. If reliance can be placed on the estimates made of the 
number of dead ducks' and shore birds observed, the outbreak late in the 
summer of 1933 on the deltas of the New and Alamo Savers in the Imperial 
Valley of California is outstanding. Oh some sections of the shore line 
the dead lay at the rate of 800 to the linear mile, while estimates of 
mortality throughout the season reached many thousands. This condition 
recurred in this same area during the following spring, when death from 
botulism was confined largely to migrating shore birds. At the other end 
of California, at 'Sixth Lake in Siskiyou County, the disease had manifested 
itself for several years, conditions conducive to it prevailing as late as 
1937, when rescue operations were carried out. Despite this salvage, it 
has been estimated that fully 7,000 birds perished that year. The sickness 
also appeared at several points in the San Joaquin "Valley, the scene of 
outbreaks almost since the beginning of the recorded history of this dis- 
ease among waterfowl. 
In adjacent areas of southern Oregon, or. the chores of Upper 
Klamath Lake, botulism appeared in moderate intensity in the fall of 1934. 
Although no estimate is available of the number that died, more than 1,000 
ducks were brought to recovery pens. Many of these birds regained their 
strength, were banded, and released. In 1937 for the first time in several 
years, the sickness broke out in the region of Malheur Lake in southeastern 
Oregon. 
A locality in which botulism among' wild birds was recently discov- 
ered is Red Lake on the Leupp Indian Agency about 50 miles north of Win- 
slow, Ariz., where an epizootic, apparently of botulism, occurred in the 
summer of 1933. The lake "bed had been dry for several years, but the dis- 
ease developed when rains flooded part of it during the summer and early 
fall of that year, and at least 5,000 ducks are believed to have perished. 
Estimates m«de earlier in- the summer at the peak of tho- outbreak placed 
the toll at a much higher figure. 
In 1937, reports of botulism came from two points in New Mexico, 
each representing an additional locality for the disease in that State. 
At Cheap John Lake, Catron County, 600 to 1,900 ducks died in September 
and October; while near La Joya, about 6 miles north of San Acacia in 
Socorro County, several hundred succumbed in an area not far from where 
mortality was reported. 10 years earlier. 
In western Nebraska, where, during recent years, the number of in- 
fection areas has apparently increased, botulism has appeared in moderate 
intensity at several points. In 1933 many ducks died at Gay Lake and on 
other bodies of water near Irwin, and at some of these more birds perished 
the following year. At Skunk Lake., northeast of Alliance, dead ducks were 
found, at the rate of 50 to the quarter mile of shore in September 1934, 
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