the field. 
readers. Dr. George Johnson, who has the charge of 
the cholera wards, considers that the purging in cholera 
is mainly an effort of the organism to throw off the virulent 
principle which is at the root of the disease ; he therefore in 
his treatment does his best to aid this eliminating process 
by gentle means, and g.ves half-ounce doses of castor oil 
every half hour. Some of the patients thus treated were 
admitted either with severe purging and vomiting, or in the 
cold and blue stage. A mustard poultice wo3 usually placed 
on the pit of the stomach, and the castor oil given every 
half hour until the action of the bowels was well established. 
Ammonia was tried with the oil, but it increased the sickness, 
which symptom was more effectually allayed by the oil alone. 
In every case considerable relief was obtained upon the 
bowels being freely moved, and the congestive fever, which 
sometimes carries off patients who have struggled through 
the original choleraic attack, was noticed in Dr. Johnson’s 
patients to be very slight. External heat, by means of warm 
bottles, frictions, &c., was also used, but we did not porceiv e 
that either brandy or opium were employed. 
THE ACCIDENT ON THE BRIGHTON RAILWAY. 
ADJOURNED INVESTIGATION BY THE MAGISTRATES. 
(Continued from peuje 804.) 
Croydon, Friday.— This morning at eloven o’clock the 
magistrates assembled at the Town Hall, Croydon, for the 
purpose of continuing the investigation they commenced on 
Tuesday. Mr. E. It. Addiuns was the chan-man of the Bench, 
and the other magistrates present were Capta ; n Kemmisa, 
Mr. Byron, and Mr. Sutherland. The four prisoners sat in 
the middle of the court, there being no apprehension on the 
part of the authorities that they would attempt to effect an 
escape. A slight change in the legal arrangements was made 
to-day. Mr. Burgon appeared for Simpson, the driver, 
instead of Mr. C. J. Rawlings, and Mr. Raw-lings acted for 
Sladdeu, the stoker of the excursion train. Mr. Clarkson, 
the barrister, appeared on behalf of the South Eastern 
Company. Mr. Everest asked that the evidence which had 
already been taken should be read. This was agreed to, and 
the evidence was gone through. Mr. Burgon requested that the 
prisoners might be proceeded against separately, as there was no 
concert between them. If the magistrates did not think lit to 
adopt that course, jierlmpa they would allow the case of the two 
South Eastern men to be severed from that of the two 
Brighton men. Air. Rawlings made an application that the 
witnesses should not remain in court, as it was evideut that 
the two companies were bringing up witnesses the one 
against the other. The Chairman raid that, as this was an 
inquiry, and not a trial, ho could not accede to the request 
made by Mr. Burgon. The suggestion made by Mr. Raw- 
lings was, he thought, a very proper one. Mr. Everest 
opposed the application of Air. Rawlings, and, after a long 
discussion, the Chairman said the 'bench would be glad if 
the witnesses would retire, but had no power to order them 
to do so. Air. Superintendent Hind wished to ask Mr. 
Brown, the Superintendent of the Bricklayers’ Arms Station, 
who was recalled, whether the train was divided at 
Ashford, aud if so, for what purpose, and by whose authority. 
Mr. Brown : It was divided because the train was too 
heavy, and by his direction lie had instructions to do so if 
necessary.— Air. Everest asked Mr. Brown whether he had 
charge; of the excursion tram.— Witness : Not exactly. He 
was with it. — Examined by Air. Rawlings ; He certainly had 
the direction of the working of the train. He was not on the 
engine with the driver and stoker, but was in the break-van, 
next to the engine. He kept a good look-out all the way. 
It was at all times necessary to pay particular attention to 
the Addiscomb-road signal, and as the excursion train of 
Monday passed it was all right. Witness gave evidence in 
reference to the signals similar in character to that given 
before the coroner yesterday. He added that the ordinary 
speed of an excursion train was about thirty-five miles an 
horn-, but he did not know of any regulation as to the 
rate at which the train should pass a station. The driver 
slackened the speed of the train as he approached the 
station. The train was forty-five minutes behind its time 
when it left Ashford. The last half of the excursion train, 
with twenty-four carriages, left Ashford at 10.30. Directly 
the driver saw the signalman at the station hold up his 
hands, which is a signal of danger, he at once reduced his 
speed and the breaks were put on as hard as they could. He 
distinctly saw Sladden put on the break, and do all he could 
to stop the train. The engine was reversed immediately. 
Ihe line was on a descent towards Croydon. Witness pro- 
ceeded to describe the practice of placing a red board on the 
back ot a train when a special train was to approach, and 
was examined at great length on other points, which are 
already before the public. Mr. Win. Parker, the 
London aud Brighton Company’s station master at East 
Croydon, described the signals along the line. A driver was 
not allowed to pass a signal under any circumstances. Wit- 
ness was at dinner when the accident happened, and 
he did not know whether or not the signal was up ; he 
believed that a message came from Stoat’s Nest to Croydon, 
announcing that the excursion train was approaching ; but 
the telegraph clerk did not communicate the fact to him, as 
he had no instructions to do so. By the Chairman : There 
was a board on the first part of the excursion train, indicating 
that there was. another train coming, but he did not make 
any inquiry about it. He thought four trains passed 
between the first and second parts of the excursion train. 
There was no board on either of those four indicating that 
anything else was to follow. The first half of the train 
passed about eight minutes past twelve. No notice bad been 
given to him of the time it would pass, but he was looking 
out for it. He did not know at what time the accident 
occurred, because he was not on the station. He left the 
station at eight or teu minutes before one, his dinner hour 
being immediately after he had done with the Dover up- 
trams.— Inspector Lund wished to ask Mr. Parker whether, 
immediately after the accident, he went to one of 
the prisoners and made any remark. If 60 , what was it, 
Mid what was the reply. — Witness said he went to Simpson, 
tne South-eastern driver, and asked him how he came to 
run by the signals. He said he must tell the truth 
between Cod and man— that he had run by two of them. 
, ex P r f 8sl y, U8e <l the word signals. Immediately after- 
. 8 T < r " lt ? es88 attention was directed to a clergyman who 
een injured, and he went away. A person named Smart 
was c ose y when the conversation between him and witness 
took place. He was sufficiently close to hear the comersa- 
bi.t P Tt d ' °, ther P ersoa3 were near at the time, 
^ ov T their names. The Chairman considered 
tfiat it was the station master’s duty to wait for the exrra 
nain when he received notice that it was coming. He was 
informed that an extra or special train was coming up and 
yet he did not take any notice of it. If he had attended to 
the notice the accident would not have happened. George 
Smart, an engine-fitter in the company’s service, deposed to 
the conversation spoken to by Air. Parker. Ho added that 
he saw that the siguals were right, and that the driver of the 
excursion tram disregarded them. When the excursion train 
reached the station, it was going at twenty or thirty miles an 
om. After a lengthened discussion, and the examination of 
several unimportant witnesses, the Chairman intimated that 
the court would not sit later thou half-past five, and at that 
tune adjourned the investigation. 
Verdict of Manslaughter. — Mr. Carter, coroner for 
p 1 Surrey, has since closed the inquiry, at the Town hall, 
Ci °f don, touching the circumstances which led to the death 
of John Gammon, who was killed by the collision which 
took place on the above line, on the 21st ult. Air. Clarkson, 
the barrister, appeared for the South Eastern Railway Com- 
pany ; the Brighton Compauy was represented by Mr. Faith- 
ful ; and Mr. Burgon appeared for Simpson, the driver of the 
excursion train. The evidence was necessarily a rendition 
o that which has been laid before the public during the 
last ton days. At its close the jury expressed a wish to 
inspect the lino aud seo the signals. An engine and open 
carriage was accordingly provided for that purpose, and the 
jvuy proceeded down the line as far as Stoat’s Nest, On 
their return the Coroner proceeded to sum up the evidence, 
and the jury, after being absent about three quarters of an 
hour, returned a verdict of •• Alauslauglitor against Robert 
Simpson, the driver. The usual formalites having been 
complied with the investigation terminated after con- 
tinuing nearly eleven hours. 
839 
$m Drsigiis. 
SECRET OR CYPHER WRITING. 
(From the Bristol Mirror.) 
Sm,— Permit me, through your journal, to make known a 
system of secret (or cypher) writing (I have lately invented 
and patented the apparatus), aud to enclose the apparatus 
devised for its practical application, which, I believe, will bo 
found to answer all the purposes intended. 
ILLUSTRATION OF PRINCIPLE. 
M S 
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It is formed, as you perceive, of a series of fixed alphabets, 
printed in black letters, and these alternating with another 
series of double alphabets in red letters,* the latter moving 
in grooves. By this arrangement you can, at pleasure, form 
any word or words in a line with any letter on the fixed 
alphabets; for instance, you wish to form the word telegraph 
against K. Begin at the left hand, bringing T to the black 
K, then the next slide move down until E is opposite the 
second black K, and so on until you spell the word, removing 
the last slide, which is not required. This is the key-word to 
any writing you may wish to send; thus, you desire to com- 
municate the sentence “I have had an interview.” Begin by 
spelling from left to right, using the red letter as the cypher ; 
opposite the I you find It, the H &, A D, V P, E A, II 0, 
A Q, D /, AX (then return to the left and proceed) 
N W, I C, NO, T A f , E A, R Y, V L, I N, E B, W F, con- 
sequently, the cypher of this message would appear as 
RBBPAOQ IX WCONAYLNBF, which may bo 
read by the party to whom it is sent, by fixing hia key-word 
as you did, viz., telegraph against K ; he reads it by finding 
the first letter on the red alphabet, and using the black end 
• The red letters are here represented by the capitals in italics. Of the 
fonr examples which Mr. Thwaites has referred to, it has been considered 
necessary to illustrate ODly one. 
against it, and so on. It will be seen that, oven in this short 
message, the letter A is represented by B, Q iuid X. B also 
represents H, A, aud E. I, again, is represented by R <_- 
and A, aud thus leaves no clue to the deciphering, and 1 feel 
certain it is impossible unless the key-word is known. The 
same sentence written in the kev of microscope against II 
wovdd appear thus '-—A, V. /, S, Y. /, A', B, X, A, B, V, 
\ t V ’ v ‘ ’ { ’ tb '“ Bu '°° B s are together, representing 
, . ' . V ou mi 'y , ,lu,s Vftr y your cypher ad infinitum, and 
each variation equally unable to be deciphered without the 
aimnreUJ ^ «n*y. It must bo at once 
/ tho ™ mi ‘ Ws, ty “«y l>o much increased by 
K 1Ug ^well-known principles) each of the moveable 
form fbd ? TV y ,° th0r *«*•: k«t, “ Us simplest 
coi lo tt V fc wlU . bo fouutl M complete as need bo/ Of 
fixed to th« u!' ,UK .T l W1 *! U ' K mftybc indifferently from the 
fixed to the mo\ cable, or the contrary , from left to right or 
whirr//" 1 t lCr ° V 0 *1* variations, and 
uhdiniar be agreed upon by the parties corresponding. 
\ on can, with the little apparatus uow sent, use a key to tlfo 
extent of twenty letters; thus, your key is physicalli, 
impossible ; spell two letters at a time, using both tho fixed 
and moveable alphabets. Sentences as keys mav be used in 
like manner, and to any extent. 
I need hardly observe that this systom is applicable to any 
language. Its uses must be obvious to all, and tho further 
employment of that useful help at the present day (the 
electric telegraph) certain, for by its means messages of tho 
most private character may bo scut, iuid not a chance of 
discovery. This faot I have proved, as by it I communicated 
with my friend, Air. Coathupe, addressing him from Loudon, 
aud ou the sumo day, July 20tli, sent to the Times n short 
note, which appeared ou tho 21st, in tho second paragraph, 
column second ; it is this : — Q Z Z E S, C V T N S R X W 
V F U O, LX W V, Q B () J Z, F X 11 F j’b X. Q X N 0 
£ f S 2 T S V 15 M P * X Y l) U O B, S L U P, 
}' °, B ’ Y J 1 1 Q R 8 1 W. J T Z. S D, E J 1> L M O F F* 
^ Q 8 C C. \ , B, B, V., which interpreted by the use 
ot tho key-word Minerta against H will thus read: "By this 
communication I claim precedence in the discovery of secret 
correspondence on the principle of permutation.” The 
1 B B V, is read by ./ II B T (my initials), as key from right 
to lett against H ; it thou is proved to bo J. II. B. T. It will 
thus be seen that this system may be used for establishing 
claims where publicity is not at first desirable. 
To all public bodies who are in the lmbit, of inquiring by 
telegraph, it is evident it must prove useful, for, at most 
times, such inquiries are strictly confidential ; and to private 
parties at a distance from each other it will provo a means 
ol sending messages that are desired to bo kept sacred to tho 
parties communicating- aud are there not many such cases ? 
I might multiply instances without number whore such a 
system will I trust prove a boon. 
I hanking you for the spaoo afforded mo in your valuable 
journal, I subscribe myself, yours faithfully, 
, * JOHN H. B. THWAITES. 
1<, Park-street, Bristol, August 10th, 1851. 
€jjp dpnjfttr. 
From the London Gazette of Friday Evening. 
Hr Tilt QUEEN. — A PROCLAMATION. 
Victoria It. 
Whereas by our Royal Proclamation, bearing dato the twenty-ninth 
day o! March, one thousand eight hundred and llfty-four, we have 
ordered and directed, that the net proceed* of all prize* taken during 
the present war with Russia, by any of our ship* or vessels of war, after 
the same shall have been to ua finally adjudged lawful prize, shall bo 
l'or the entire benefit of the ofileers and crew* of such ship* and vessels 
ol war (save as therein excepted) ; In which proclamation wo have 
directed in what proportion the lutid forces, doing duty us marines, 
shall be entitled to share ; and wlu-roas, In the said proclamation, we 
have reserved to ourselves the division and distribution of ull prize and 
booty taken on any cflfijunct expedition of our ships and vessel;, of war 
witli our army; and it is desirable that we should provide for the 
division and distribution of nil prize mid booty taken on such conjunct 
expedition, as also by our army alone : we, therefore, hereby order and 
direct that, in such cases, tho not proceeds of the share which shall he 
assigned by us to our army, under our royal sign manual, shall bo 
divided and distributed hi the following manner and proportions, 
namely. — 
CoMMAXDi.u or tue Forces. 
One-fourth of one-tenth part of the net proceeds. 
General Officers, 
First Class. — General ofileers commanding divisions, and other 
officers, &c., holding equivalent staff appointments : — 
Second Class.— Other general officers, and all other officer*, &c., 
holding equivalent staff appointment* : — 
The remaining three-fourths of one-tontli part of the not proceeds; 
the same to lie so divided that a general officer, &c., of the first clu.-s 
shall receive one-half more In amount than a general officer, &e., of the 
second cluss. 
Field Officers. 
First Class — Colonels, lieutenant colonels, and bro vet -lieu ten in t- 
coloncls, and the other officers holding staff appointments equlvuhnt 
thereto : — 
Second Class— Hrevet-lieutonant-colonel* not holding on appoint- 
ment qualifying them to share in the preceding e las* of field officers, and 
all majors, regimental or brevet, and all other officers holding appoint- 
ments equivalent thereto : — 
One-eighth of the remainder of the net proceeds ; the same to he «o 
divided that a field-officer. &e„ of the first class, shall receive one-lmll 
more In amount than a field-officer, &e.. of the second cUlss. 
The remainde r of the net proceed* shall be distributed in the follow- 
ing classes, so that every officer, non-commissioned officer, &c shall 
receive shares, or a share, according to his class, u* set forth in the 
following scale : — 
First Class — Captains, and all other officers entitled according to tho 
usage of our army to shore in that rank —Tl.lrty-flvc shares each. 
Second (’lavs.— Subalterns, and all other officers entitled according to 
the usage ol our army to share in thut rank :— Twenty shares each. 
Third Class.— Segeant-innjor*. quartermaster-sergeants, and all other 
staff sergeants, and others holding equivalent rank — Ten shares each 
Fourth Class. — Sergeants, and others holding equivalent rank — 
Eight shares each. 
Fifth Class — Corporals : — Four shares each. 
Sixth Class — Private soldiers, trumpeters, drummers, &e. : — Three 
share* each. 
And in the event of any difficulty arising with respect to the clo?-* 
in which any officer. &o., shull be entitled to share, our will and pleasure 
is that the same shall be determined and adjusted by tho Commander- 
in-Chief of our land forces for the time being. 
Given at our Court, at Buckingham Palace, this eleventh day of 
August, In the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred 
and fifty-four, and In the eighteenth year of our reign. 
God save the Queen. 
WAR OFFICE, Arc. 25. 
To be Ensigns by purchase. 
1st Regiment of Foot — Redmond Bewlcy Caton, gent,, Aug. 24 
John Archibald Cumming, genL, Aug 25. 
3rd Foot — Hornes John Caldecott, gent., Aug. 21. 
