THE FIELD 
doubt, aud lost seventeen officers killed and wounded. Only 
three officer* in the whole brigade escaped entirely untouched. 
All the others were either wounded, slightly contused 
by spent bullets, or shot through their bear-skin caps and 
clothes. 
Col. Steele, Lord Raglan’s military secretary, was for some 
time supposed to have fallen. Lord Raglan, in the heat of 
the fight, ordered him to ride to the brigade of Guards and 
give the order to advance, intending, of course, that, the 
order being given, he should return to his place with 
the staff. The moment was, however, too exciting for the 
hot blood of the military secretary, and, having given tho 
order of his chief, he rushed forward himself with his old 
battalion, and did not again present himself to Lord Raglan 
until he came to announce that the field was won, and to ask 
forgiveness for the breach of orders of which he had been 
guilty in joining in the brilliant charge of the Guards which 
so largely aided in gaining the battle. 
The Guahds and Highlanders suffered most in coming 
through the vineyard, yet they would have never broken 
their ranks, but for ouo temptation — the large clusters of 
ripe grapes. These, to men parched with thirst, who had 
not even seen vegetables for three weeks, were irresistible ; 
so for that, and for that only, the men turned slightly aside 
to pull them as they passed. It appears ridiculous, but it 
is literally true that our men charged up the heights, under a 
most murderous fire, with their Mmids in one hand and a huge 
bunch of grapes which they were stuffing into their mouths 
with the other. The officers were similarly employed. As 
the Duke led on his division for a moment all thought he 
was killed. He was completely hidden iu the smoke of 
some caunon, and one 24-pounder passed close by his head. 
Sir Colin Campbell, much to their dissatisfaction, would not 
let the Highlanders fire a single shot until they had arrived 
within thirty feet of the enemy. Then their murderous dis- 
charges carried all before them. By not firing, the bonuie 
Scots were enabled to advance with such rapidity that the 
enemy’s cannon had hardly time to get their range before 
they were out of it again. Consequently, their loss was but 
slight compared with that of the other brigades. Lord Raglan 
was so pleased at this proof of Sir Colin’s experience and 
generalship in saving his men, that he rode up on the field 
of battle, and shaking him warmly by the hand, asked him 
what he could do for him ? Sir Colin acknowledged the 
thanks, and asked his lordship’s permission to wear tho 
Highland feather bonnet for the rest of the campaign, 
instead of the general’s cocked hat. Of course, the permis- 
sion was instantly given, and Sir Colin appeared the next 
morning in the bonnet of waving plume, to the intense 
delight of the Highlanders, who went into ecstocies of cheers 
whenever he came among them. 
Dn. Mackenzie, one of the best operators in Edinburgh, 
who came out for the purpose of studying gun-shot wounds, 
was, with the Highlanders, foremost in the field. So unre- 
mitting was his attention to the Highlanders, to which, 
though a civilian, by a general order of Lord Raglan ac- 
knowledging his services, he had been attached, that after 
the battle the brigade, with one voice, asked permission to 
give him three cheers as he came up the hill. I mention 
this circumstance for two reasons. First, because there are 
few gentlemen who stood so high in their profession as Dr. 
Mackenzie who would have given up a lucrative practice for 
the purpose of devoting their services unpaid to the relief of 
their countrymen during nn arduous campaign ; and next, 
because I wish to pay a slight tribute of respect to the 
memory of one who has fallen a victim to his exertions to 
relieve the sufferings of others. He died of cholera at Belbek 
after a few hours’ illness, and his loss was more sincerely 
lamented than that of any man who fell at Alma. 
The Battle of the Alma. — T he following is an extract 
from a letter written by Paymaster-Sergeant Joiner, 93rd 
Highlanders, and published in the Glasgow Daily Mail — 
41 Numerous big guns were not, properly speaking, firing, 
but were in reality vomiting forth liquid fire. The very 
earth was shaking, and the sun in the heavens, seen through 
the smoke, looked pale and sickly. Step after step we 
climbed up-hill, reached the batteries, some seizing hold of 
a horse, some of a Russ, and others dismounting the guns — 
beautiful 24-pounders. From that position which we held 
we poured dreadful volleys upon the thousands that retreated 
behind the guns, but they stood firm. Our brigade came 
within thirty paces of their 32nd battalion — about 12,000 
strong — and we pressed down on the charge. In doing so, 
■we cut off a great many of their officers, took one general 
prisoner, and one distinguished man was shot down before 
me. He had on a costly gold cross, which our general 
claimed for the country, and I have his sword." 
The French suffered severely as they climbed the hill to 
turn the enemy's flank. As the Zouaves approached, tho 
Russians, misled by their red fezzes aud peculiar dress, 
rushed down upon them, shouting, “ Turco ! Turco !” ex- 
pecting an easy victory. They were miserably deceived, 
The Zouaves halted, deployed into line, gave one tremen- 
dous volley, and then charged with the bayonet, driving the 
enemy back with fearful slaughter. 
The redoudt attacked by the French made but slight 
resistance ; for our allies, under cover of a fire from the fleet, 
got their guns up by an easy road, and threw shell into it. 
When it was stormed, the first who attempted to scale the 
stone wall which protected it were all killed. A French 
lieutenant, however, succeeded in fastening his handkerchief 
to a slight projection of one of the scaffold poles (for the 
work, which was intended for a regular stone fort, was un- 
finished), and so swung himself on to the parapet with the 
tricolour in his hand. Though fiercely attacked aud wounded 
in many places with bullets and bayonets, he succeeded in 
maintaining his post and his standard until assistance 
arrived, when the work was captured. For this service the 
lieutenant, whose name I have unfortunately forgotten, is to 
be made a lieutenant-colonel. 
The stories of individual frowess on the part of our 
troops and officers would fill a volume. Poor Captain 
Monck, of the 7th, had nm one man through with his sword, 
and had struck down another (who was in the act of firing 
at him) with a blow of his clenched fist, when he was shot 
dead by the rear-rank man. A private of the same regiment, 
ere they were driven back, rushed to the front and bayo- 
netted in quick succession two men of the foremost column 
of the enemy — in fact, the anecdotes of this kind are innu- 
merable, and seem to have occurred all over the field. 
Soon after dawn, the next day after the battle of Alma, 
the French assembled all their drums and trumpets on the 
top of the highest of the hills they carried, and a wild flourish 
and roll, repeated again and again, and broken by peals of 
Bound from the bugles of the infantry, celebrated their vic- 
tory ere they departed. It was spirited, stirring, and thrill- 
ing music, and its effect, as it swelled through the darkness 
102/ 
of early morning down over the valley, can never be for- 
gotten. 
Among other officers who have fallen victims to 
disease since the action of the 20th are, Lieut. -Colonel 
Sidney Beckwith. 1st battalion Rifle Brigade ; aud Ensign 
F. H. Phipps, 19 th regiment — buried together on the sea 
shore at Belbek ; Lieut.-Colonol \V. F. Hoey, commanding 
the 30th regimeut ; Lieut. Grant, 79th Highlauders, nephew 
to Lord Elgin, and formerly in his shaft' iu Canada ; 1st class 
staff-surgeon, Dr. Mitchell ; aud tho Rev. Mr. Muckier, the 
chaplain attached to the 3rd division. The last-nuuied gen- 
tleman was buried at Balaklava, on the 30th Sept. The sick 
at the General Hospital and Iuvalide Depdt established there 
are suffering severely. 
The Russian columns on the niLLS of Alma poured 
down volley after volley upon our advancing regiments, aud 
the battery hurled its shell aud round shot among them, 
ploughing up and bursting their lines. Our men greeted 
each hostile discharge with loud cheers, and still kept 
advancing, firing and loading as they went. Here was wit- 
nessed the first splendid effect of tho Minid rifle, not only as 
a superior weapon in itself, but also as giving confidence to 
the soldier causing him to rely upon the efficacy of his fire, 
and making him at the same time anxious to have every shot 
of his tell. The men, far from raising their muskets hastily, 
and popping them off into blue air, paused before they fired, 
singled out the objects at which they proposed to aim, and 
taking their aim coolly aud deliberately, discharged their 
pieces. This fire did dreadful execution among the Russians. 
It made the fire of their battery slow and irregular ; for 
while the guns were being served, it frequently happened 
that the leaden hailstorm from our battalions picked off the 
men that were in the act of pointing or priming the pieces ; 
and though the Russians were remarkably steady, aud fresh 
men stepped in to fill the place of the killed and disabled, 
and though in this way all the guns of the battery were 
worked to the last moment, still much precious time was 
lost from the service of the guns being interrupted, though 
but for moments, yet continually. When our troops entered 
the" batteries, they saw that their Mini6 balls had 
stopped many of the enemy’s gunners in the act of pointiug 
and priming guns. Some of them actually lay over the guns 
on which they had fallen when they were struck to death. 
What is that grey mass on the flain, which seems 
down upon it almost without life or motion? Now and 
then, indeed, an arm may be seen waved aloft, or a man 
raises himself for a moment, looks around, and then lies 
down again. Alas ! that plain is covered with the wounded 
Russians still. Nearly sixty long hours have they passed 
in agony on the ground, and now, with but little hope of 
help or succour more, we must leave them as they lie. 
All this nameless, inconceivable misery — this cureless pain — 
to be caused by the caprice of one man ! Seven hundred 
and fifty wounded men are still upon the ground, aud we 
can do nothing for them. Their wounds have been bound 
aud dressed — we have done all we can do for them —and 
now, unable as we are to take them along with us or to send 
them away, we must depart. Ere our troops marched, 
however, General Estcourt, by order of Lord Raglan, sent 
into the Tartar village up the valley, into which the inha- 
bitants were just returning, aud having procured the at- 
tendance of the head men, he proceeded to explain to them 
that the wounded Russians would be confided to their charge, 
and that they were to feed and maintain them, and when 
they were well they were to let them go their ways. Iu 
order to look over their wouncre, an English surgeon was 
left behind with these 750 men. This most painful and 
desolate duty devolved on Dr. Thomson, of the 44th 
Regiment. He was told his mission would be his protection 
in case the Cossacks came, and that he was to hoist a flag of 
truce, should the enemy appear in sight, and then, provided 
with some rum, biscuit, aud salt-meat, he was left alone 
with his charge. Ere the army went, however, ouo of the 
Russian officers addressed the wounded, and explained the 
position in which they were placed, and they promised to 
obey Dr. Thomson's orders, to protect him as far as they 
could, and to acquaint any Russian force which might arrive 
with the particular circumstances under which he was 
among them. It is quite certain that the Russians will have 
to reconsider their preconceived opinions against us before 
they have done with us. A great change has already come 
over the feelings of the poor wretches who were taken down 
to the boats, and when many of the officers and captains 
aud mates of transports presented them with cigars, which, 
as the poor wounded could not well move, though somehow 
they managed to smoke, they lighted and put into the mouths 
of the sufferers. On these occasions I have seen tears rush 
out of the eye3 of our barbarous enemies, and many a 
shattered hand or broken arm was frantically held up to 
the sky with a prayer that God might reward tho kindness 
shown to them. 
The Duke of Cambridge, says a letter from Balaklava, 
has been very unfortunate with his baggage. On Saturday 
ho lost it for a few hours, and to-day his waggon broke 
down, destroying all the bottles in his stock. 
In the house Lord Raglan occupied at Balaklava, was 
a lady who had fled from Sebastopol to escape us. The few 
Russians who remained quietly iu their homes were kindly 
treated by the British soldiery. His Royal Highness the 
Duke passed tho night in the humble cot of a peasant, who 
had mustered courage enough to stand firm. The old man 
kissed the hands of those who were his guests. 
For reasons best known to themselves the Russian 
GENERALS have persuaded their soldiers that they had to 
expect the worst treatment if they fell into tho hands of the 
English and French ; and a great many of them actually 
believed that if captured they had to prepare for instant 
decapitation. I am told that even officers were found to 
labour under this strange mistake. One wounded officer, 
when he saw the fatigue party all covered with mud and 
blood, approaching him, to carry him, resisted their attempts 
to seize him, and called aloud for an officer. When the 
officer in command of the party came up, the Russian said, 
iu French, he was prepared to die ; but being an officer and 
a gentleman, he had a right to demand that no one below 
his own rank should cut offliis head. It cost Borne trouble 
to convince the poor man of our friendly intentions. 
Literary Men at Alma. — The author of “ Ebthen,” Mr. 
Kiuglake, was a volunteer on Lord Raglan’s staff at the battle 
of Alma. Mr. Lavard witnessed the engagement from the 
masthead of the Agamemnon (a safe position), and wrote an 
account of it for the Times ; while Mr. Russell, the Times' 
regular correspondent, made a dash into the battle to seethe 
affair, and had his horse shot under him, but sustained no 
injury. 
General Canrobert was wounded, on the 20th, by a 
piece of a shell which struck him on the left breast ; fortu- 
nately, it did not penetrate the flesh, but the effect of the 
contusion has been such as to deprive him, in a great degree, 
of the use of his left arm. 
We understand, ou good authority, that the French 
return of 1,400 killed aud wounded includes those who have 
died of cholera. More than oue message was, at Alrnu, sent 
from our allies to us for aid during the struggle. Ou ouo oc- 
casion the officer who came to Lord Raglan was on foot, uud 
seemed much excited. Ho poiutod out a wall, behind which 
a large body of Russian infantry wore stationed, who de- 
livered a tremendous fire on the swerving mass of French 
s k i rm ishers as they struggled up tho hill, and requested us 
to direct the fire of our artillery upon it, as the French wore 
encrust by the Iiuuioiu, and that request was speedily com- 
plied with. 
It is said, that at Alma a very young officer of the 
7th Regiment was tho first to gain tho top, and that, clam- 
bering up to ouo of tho embrasures between tho interval of 
firing and loadiug tho gun, ho jumped into the battery. So 
unexpected was his appearance among the Russians, aud, 
perhaps, so dense tho smoke, that little attention was paid 
to him, which lie, roaeuting as an insult, took his owu way 
of making hjs presouco felt and respected. Ho carried a 
revolver, of which ho fired the six barrels in succession, and, 
as may bo supposed, from the locality, with deadly aim. 
Tho Russian gunners were so vastly astonished that they lot 
him have his way, and only when ho had fired his last shot 
he observed one of tho follows taking up a carbine and 
covering lnm. The situation was awkward, but tho officer 
flung his pistol at his assailant, and hit him a blow between 
tho eyes, which caused him to roll over, stunned, and hors 
df combat for tho timo being. At that moment the gallaut 
7th and 2 3rd entered tho battery and expelled the Russiaus, 
who, however, returning with fresh forces before we could 
make good our advantage, dislodged our troops aud drove 
thorn out. Tho Guards aud Highlanders arriving next, re- 
took tho battery, and held it ; but, in the meanwhile, the 
Russiaus had removed their guns. The final conquest of 
the battery decided the fortune of the day. 
The first villa we came to on the march from Alma 
was the residence of a physician or country surgeon. It had 
beou ruthlessly destroyed by tho Cossacks. A verandah, 
laden with clematis, roses, and honeysuckle iu front, was 
filled with broken music stools, work-tables, and lounging 
chairs. All the glass of tho windows was smashed. Every- 
thing around betokened tho baity flight of tho inmates. 
Two or three side-saddles were lying on the grass outside 
the hall door, a parasol lay near them, close to a Tartar middle 
aud huge whip. The wine casks wore broken and the con- 
tents spilt, the hurley and corn of the granary wore thrown 
about all over the ground, broken china and glass of fine 
manufacture were scattered over the pavement outside the 
kitchen, aud amid all the desolation and ruin of the place 
a cat sat blandly at the threshold, winking her eyes in tho 
sunshine at the now comers. No pou can describe tho scone 
within. Mirrors in fragments were lying on tho floor, the 
beds had been ripped open, aud the feathers littered tho 
rooms a foot deep ; chairs, sofas, fuutcuila, bedsteads, book- 
cases, picture frames, images of saints, women's needlework, 
chests of drawers, shoos, boots, books, bottles, physic jars, 
all smashed or torn hi pieces, lay iu heaps in every room. 
Even the walla and doors were hacked with swords. Tho 
very genius of destruction hud been at work, and had revelled 
iu mischief. The physician’s account-book lay open on a 
broken table; he had been stopped iu tho very actrof debiting 
a dose to some neighbour, and tho entry remained unfinished. 
Beside his account-book lay a volume of Madame dc Sevignfa 
Letters in French and a P/tarmaropctia in Russian. A little 
bottle of prussic acid lay so invitingly near a box of bonbons 
that I knew it would bo irresistible to the first hungry privnto 
who had a taste for almonds, aud I accordingly poured out 
tho contents to prevent the possible catastrophe. Our men 
anil horses were soon revelling iu grapes and core, and we 
pushed ou to Eskcl, and established ourselves in a hom e 
which had belonged to a Russian officer of rank — at least 
many traces of tho presence of oue was visible. Every 
house and villa in the place was a similar scene to that which 
I have iu vain tried to describe. Tho better the class of 
tho residence the more complete and pitiable the destruction. 
Grand pianos and handsojne pieces of furniture, covered 
with silk and damasked velvet, rent to pieces with brutal 
violence, were found in more thau ouo house, but one of 
the instruments retained enough of its vital organs to breathe 
out “God save the Queen" from its lacerated brass ribs, and 
it was made to do so accordingly — ayo, under tho very cyo 
of a rigid portrait of his Imperial Majesty the Czar which 
hung ou the wall above ! These portraits of the Autocrat 
were not uncommon in the houses — nearly as common as 
pictures of saints with gilt and silver glories round their 
heads. Tho houses, largo aud small, consist of one storey 
only, and magnitude is gained by lateral extension. Each 
houae‘atands apart, with a large patch of vineyard around it, 
and a garden of fruit trees, ami is fenced in from tho road by 
a stone wall and a line of poplars or elms. 
How to obtain Knowlkdoe. — Towards the evening of 
October 1st, four Zouaves were seen walking, ns it were, 
reeling drunk towards the walls of Sebastopol, just above 
the ship which had so long annoyed the ullies. Tho Russians, 
thinking they were a sure catch, let them come quite close, 
and then sent out hulf-a-dozcu armed men to bring them in, 
upon which tho Frenchmen took to their heels at a railway 
pace, followed by the shots of tho hopeful Russians, aud 
reached their camp in safety, possessed of all the informa- 
tion they required as to the position uud strength of the 
several forts and ships against which they are especially to 
act. Those protended friends of Bacchus were shrewd 
engineer officers, seeking important knowledge. 
Turkish Rejoicings. — The Turks illuminated their houses 
with great taste for the battle of Alma. Passing down the 
Bosphorus on tho evening of the 28rd ult., the traveller saw 
at every window a flood of light, and at all suitable positions 
there flamed Roman candles and large braziers, casting forth 
u red glare into the night. Turks and Franks joined heartily 
in the rejoicings; the Armenians with equal readme.-; but 
less sincerity ; the houses of tho Greeks alone were left iu 
darkness. Fuad Efl’endi was conspicuous by the extent and 
taste of his illumination, and many of the wealthier Turks 
must have spent a considerable sum in testifying their loyalty 
and joy. A few days after, the inhabitants ot the capital were 
directed to hold themselves in readiness for a second display, 
which should celebrate the fall of Sebastopol and the conquest 
of tho Crimea, so immediately at hand did tho full success of 
the great enterprise appear. 
Mbnsohikoff. — T he Journal dc St. Pctersbourg, of tho 15th 
inst, announces that Prince Manichikoff is appointed com- 
rnander-in-chief and governor of all tho imperial forces in 
the Crimea. The journal does not say whether this is a re 
