1138 
THE TEMPERAMENT OP THE DOG. 
Any one who will observe the nuimal will soon be made 
aware of its excessive irritability. The nervous system in 
this creature is largely developed, and exert, ng an influence 
over all its actions, gives character to the beast Jbobnun 
of the dog is seldom m repose, for even when asleep the 
twitching of the legs aud the suppressed sound* which it 
emits informs us that it is dreaming. No uuad km°re 
actuated by the power of imagination. Who is there that 
has not seen the dog mistake objects during the dusk of the 
evening? Delirium usually precedes its death, nud nervous 
excitability is the common accompaniment of most of its 
disorders. To diseases of ft cerebral or spinal character it is 
more liable than is any othor domesticated animal. Its very 
bark is .symbolical oi’ its temperament, and its mode of 
attack energetically declares the excitability of its nature. 
The most fearful of all tho diseases to which it. is exposed 
(rabies) is essentially of a nervous character, aud there are 
few of its disorders which do not terminate with symptoms 
indicative of cranial disturbance. 
Such being the character of the dog. it is not 
difficult to discern the nature of the treatment re- 
quired. Gentleness is the golden rule of his manage- 
ment, but gentleness mingled with firmness. The 
attendant upon the dog must be able to command 
himself. He must exhibit no fear. “ The hand 
slowly and cautiously advanced, to be hastily re- 
tracted, is nearly certain to ho bitten.” There must 
at least be the appearance of confidence. There 
must be no wrestling or fighting. This is curious, on 
DOCTOUINO DOOS. 
Strange dogs are not easily examined in their own homes, 
especially if they be favourites and their indulgent owners 
are present. Like spoilod children, the beasts seem to be 
aware of all tho advantages which the affections of their 
master give to their humours. Thoy will assume so much, 
and play such antics, as renders it impossible to arrive at any 
just conclusion as to the actual state of their health. Do/ga 
iu fact are great impostors, aud he who has had much to do 
with them soon learns how cunningly the pampered “ toy” of 
the drawing-room can ” sham." For deception, consequently, 
it is necessary to be prepared, and practice quickly t, caches 
us to distinguish between what is real aud that which is 
assumed. The exertion, however, required to feign disturbs 
the system, and tho struggle which always accompanies the 
act renders it frequently impossible to make the necessary 
observation with requisite nicety. Petted dog& are, there- 
fore, best examined away from their homes, and in the 
absence of any one who has been in the habit of careasiug 
them. Frequently I have found it of no avail, to attempt the 
examination of these creatures at the residence of their 
owners ; but the same animals brought to niy surgery have, 
without a strugglo, allowed ino to take what liberties I 
pleased. 
How wondrously does the dog resemble his 
anaster in his character ! Titus he is 
AN HONOURABLE DOB. 
Doge are intelligent and houourabJe creatures, aud no 
man will have reason to regret who teaches himself to trust 
iu their better qualities. I have hithorto, in a great measure, 
escaped their teeth, and being sloiv and infirm, my good 
fortune certainly cannot be attribute d to my activity. Kind- 
ness and consideration works up on animals ; nor do I 
believe there are many of the lower creatures that will not 
appreciate such appeals. It is better, therefore, to work 
upon the sympathetic nature of the brute than to compete 
with it iu strength, or endeavour to outvie it in agility. 
Manual dexterity will often favl, and is seldom employed 
save when danger is preseut. I dental supremacy appealing 
to the source of action ensures safety, by subduing, not the 
resistance, but tho desire to resist. 
It may be known when the dog is irritated by the 
dilation of the pupil of the eye — it is an unfailing 
sign. But when the dof' is ill he is very manage- 
able. 
THE RICK DOO. 
When, however, really sick, there are few doga which 
may not be approached, Under such circumstances, the 
utmost gentleness should be employed. The stranger 
should advance quietly, und not bustle rudely up to the 
animal. Ho should speak to it iu accents of commiseration, 
which will be better comprehended than the majority of rea- 
sonable beings may bo wil ling to admit. 
The hand after a little while should be quietly offered to 
the dog to smell, and that- ceremony being ended, the pulse 
may be taken, or any other necessary observation made, 
without dread of danger. Every consideration, however, 
ought to be given to tho condition of the beast. No violence 
on any account should be indulged ; it is better to be 
ignorant of symptoms than to aggravate the disorder by 
attempting to ascertain their existence. If the brain should 
be affected, or the nervous system sympathetically involved, 
silence is absolutely imperative. No chirping or loud talking 
ought under such circumstances to be allowed, and the 
animal should not be carried into the light for the purpose 
of inspecting it. 
At this point wo pause ; hut we shall certainly 
return to this volume, aud perhaps more than once. 
Quill-den Marino Extraordinary.— M r. John Ward, of 
Whithy-grove, Manchester, undertook to make 2,000 quill 
tf»ens, with a knife, in ton hours, for a wager. At the end of 
five hours he had succeeded iu m tking 1,120, and at the end 
of .nine hours and a-half he had ma le 2,030, being thirty 
over bis task, with half an hour to spare. The conditions 
•of tho match were that thoy should bo all fit for oommor- 
•cial use. 
Consular Appointments. — The Queen has been graciously 
pleased to appoint Keith Edwarc*'. Abbott, Esq., now her 
Majesty's Consul at Tehran, to be her Majesty’s Consul at 
Tabrees; and Richard Stevens, l'Jsq., now her Majesty's 
Consul at Tabrees, to be her Majesty's Consul at Tehran ; 
Rutherford Aicock, Esq., now her Majesty’s Consul at 
Shanghai, to be her Majesty's Consul at Cuutou ; Daniel 
Brooke Robertson, Esq., now her Majesty's Consul at Amoy, 
to be her 5 lajesty* s Consul at Shanghai, and Harry S. Parkes, 
Esq- now Acting British Viee-Cousijl at Cautou, to be her 
Majesty’s Consul at Amoy. 
THE F IELD. 
THE GA8BEN, 
ALTERATIONS IN PLEASURE GROUNDS. 
Few seasons pass, but the} owners of the pleasure 
"•rounds of country seats, villas, etc., however small, 
desire to make some improvements ; and, as we have 
had no lack of practice in our day, it will he well occa- 
sionally to offer a little advice to those who may 
happen to need it. As to style in laying out gardens, 
it of necessity varies with the local conditions of the 
grounds; and it is well that it should be so, 
otherwise wo should have a kind of mannerism 
which would become excessively insipid ; landscape 
gardening would lose half its zest, and speedily 
cease to create that interest which is felt in it 
wherever a high order of civilisation prevails. Those 
parts iu the immediate vicinity of the mansion 
or villa] may, in nearly all cases, be considered 
mere appurtenances of the house itself, and of 
course partake of the style or impress peculiar to it ; 
and, as this adaptation must cease at some point, the 
management of such requires in general some nicety. 
Pleasure grounds in general are composed, as every- 
body knows, of belts, screens, shrubberies, masses, 
groups, &c. ; and in the grounds pertaining to larger 
demesnes, episodical plots frequently occur, such as a 
Rosary, American garden, Dutch garden, &c. &c. A 
proper understanding of each of those points, indi- 
vidually, and the art of combining them so as to 
produce the highest degree of effect, constitutes what 
is termed landscape gardening, which, of course, in 
its scope, eiubraces territorial improvements, the dis- 
position of buildings, &c. 
We have only space here to offer a little 
practical advice on these heads ; and first we may 
observe, that belts, screens and shrubberies, are not 
particularly definite in their character, but frequently 
merge into each other. Belts seen at a distance fre- 
quently constitute one portion of the sky-lino in the 
landscape, and where heavy in outline, much im- 
provement may at times be effected by felling a tree 
or two, here and there, in order to give indentation 
in the general outline. 
Screens are frequently used in the grounds attached 
to suburban villas, iu order to shut out incongruous 
objects, and to assist in giving an air of privacy and 
seclusion. Shrubberies may be defined as ornamental 
accompaniments of the walk or drive, and are 
much more dressy than the preceding, and subor- 
dinate as to height or breadth. Masses, it is not so 
easy to define ; and we do not often meet with them 
in pleasure grounds or applied to shrubs or trees. It 
requires considerable extent to carryout the massing 
system amongst larger trees or shrubs ; few 
gardens can afford room for some scores of beech, 
larch, birch, &c., each in an unmixed condition, we 
therefore pass by them to groups, and these concern 
almost every person possessing regular gardens. 
Natural groups impart a considerable degree of con- 
sequence to grounds, and serve in part to remove 
the idea of a mere town garden. Such groups as 
we are now pointing to are with difficulty created by 
art ; they are in general the work of time, and, we 
may add, of accident. The fact is, our best groups are 
generally the selection of a mind imbued with 
principles of tasto. On a good eye of course 
much depends, aud when plantations, masses, or 
groups aro broken up, those interested should 
be keenly alive to any adventitious associations 
of forms, which, through their bold or elegant 
contour, conspire to form what the painter 
would term a group. Wc think it was the clever 
Loudon who, in his usual way, attempting to give 
every thing a definitive aspect, allirmed, as a prin- 
ciple, that it required at least three objects to consti- 
tute what he termed “ a whole.” And indeed it will 
be found in landscape gardening that this is about 
the minimum point, if such matters of art may bear 
a defiuition. 
However, our business here is to point to more 
salient matters. A dry detail is in this place 
unnecessary ; we therefore pass on to matters 
having a practical bearing on the business of 
the day. 
To those who are laying out new gardens we 
would say, beware of after-thoughts, which are at 
once annoying, rebuking, and costly. Lay down 
your scheme boldly, but warily ; strive to attain a 
good aim, based of course on what is desired and 
what is attainable. Having done this, let congruity 
of parts give the whole a consistency which may 
cause no regret. Do not war too much against the 
native character of the spot ; do not attempt to 
carry prim and formal avenues or lines over deeply 
undulating surfaces. One of the first points for 
consideration, after fixing the sites of all structures 
— well considering their dependency on each other — 
is to plan a main pcrambulatory walk ; and this, in 
small places, should be carried as near to the exterior 
generally as is compatible with the due preservation 
of privacy and the avoiding disagreeable objects. 
Walks of this kind in grounds of considerable ex- 
tent may be seven feet in width, but in small 
gardens five feet is as much as can be well spared 
and the more such walks pursue a serpentine course J 
in general, the better chance will there be for the 
planter to give variety and to convey an idea of 
extent. But it is necessary to have two distinct 
widths of walk at least ; the one marking the chief 
line for the perambulator, the other walks, which by 
their narrowness, as compared with the other, plainly 
show that they lead to subordinate affairs, or digres- 
sive matters. Such an arrangement is, we think, 
important ; and were such a principle more steadily 
adhered to, the disappointment which sometimes 
occurs to the perambulator would be avoided. 
We observed, that walks chalked out with hold 
curves enable the planter to give a high degree of 
effect, if he possesses taste sufficient to avail himself 
of the advantages offered. One of our poets, of no 
mean celebrity, has well said, — 
“ Lot not each beauty every where be spied, 
Where half the skill is decently to hide." 
This couplet points with some ingenuity to the very 
matter we are now discussing. The fact is, these 
bold curves afford bold planting; a bold style of 
planting assists in surprising the perambulator, and 
in keeping his imagination and fancy in full play 
at every turn. 
This it is that so highly gratifies persons of taste, 
and surely in our enlightened days such are scarcely 
a minority. Of course the schemer, who plans the 
walks, will so conduct them as to embrace the 
best features of the exterior landscape, equally 
avoiding or receding from those which are discordant 
or disagreeable. About planting or other matters 
we will chat shortly ; and after having briefly handled, 
practically, the subject of “ laying out" new grounds, 
we may turn our attention a little to the renovation 
of old ones, and thus endeavour to please each class 
of readers ; and we do hope, that even the true sports- 
man who honours “ Tim Field” with his patronage 
may be occasionally gratified. 
{To be continued.) 
GARDENING FOR THE WEEK. 
BUSINESS PECULIAR TO TIIE SEASON. 
In the last “ Field" we broke the ice as to pruning, 
and some protective matters, and as every week in 
horticultural affairs has its duties, some of a peculiar 
character, we must beg to remind our country friends 
of things which we shall all have to take especial 
care to remember and to practice. It has been much 
the fashion with gardening periodicals to give 
“ cut aud dry" calendars at stated times, and 
certainly they are not without their use. They 
are, however, dry affairs, and constantly seem to re- 
quire some complemental matter to render them as 
useful as both the reader and writer very naturally 
desire. 
Such being the case, we hope so to shape our 
advice as to produce at once a calendar of really im- 
portant matters, and a running commentary ; thus, 
we trust, removing the tedium of a mere calendar, 
and putting our readers on the right scent at once. 
THE FLOWER GARDEN. 
Mr. Salters Nursery, Hammersmith.— The 
name of Salter has been so long identified with chry- 
santhemum culture, that the following notice of good 
kinds in blossom there will, doubtless, interest those 
who cultivate this charming indispensable of the 
winter plant-house or drawing-room. We rejoice to 
see that a class is coming to hand, about inter- 
mediate between the Pomponcs and old kinds : 
these will be useful adjuncts to a stage, as form- 
ing a connecting link between the large and small 
kinds. It will be noticed, too, by our country 
friends, how many shades of colour may be had in 
this most important family. 
Those who are interested about new chrysanthemums 
cannot do bettor than pay a visit to this nursery at the 
present time, while Mr. Salter's fine collection is in bloom 
It contains all the novelties of importance both of last year 
aud this, aud will bo found well worth inspection. Tho 
following are a few of the best of such as were iu blossom 
on Monday last. Largo flowered kinds ; Auguste Mm, 
reddish salmon ; L’lugot d’Or, yellow : Albin, dark claret , 
Trilby, blush ; Chevalier Dumage, golden yellow, large am 
showy ; Cassy, red and orauge ; Triomphe du Nord, reddish 
chestnut; Bossuet, rose shaded with violet; Rolla, r" 
purple, tipped aud mottled with silvery markings; Com 
spicuum, shaded rose ; Madame Lebois, delicate peach . 
Phare do Messine, dark chestnut ; Hermine, blush tipp 1 ' 
with rose, aud one of the most beautiful of this yea* * 
flowers; Lg Proplidte, yellowish buff; Prince Jerome, yellow 
and brown; Due do Rohan, light crimson; and Eclip 
straw-coloured. Pompones : Riquiqui, deep plum colour, 
Pluie d’Or, dwarf yellow ; H61i>ne, rosy purple ; Doct> ■ 
Duval, reddish chestnut; La Vogue, yellow with a bio"ii 
centre ; Madame Rousselon, delicate peach ; Hector, dar 
orange buff ; Comte Vigier, pale buff; Millie. Elkingtou, h 
white ; Rose pompone, quilled pale lilac; Heine des Anem' 1 ' 
fine white; Consuolo, yellow ; Berrol, sulphur, suffuse* w 1 
rose ; John Salter, dark reddish orange; Brilliant, r® 1 /' 
scarlet; Bayardiere, buff, suffused with eilvory marking-^ 
Rosita, blush lilac ; Precoce, deep rose; aud Mon. Bijou, l'j 
fawn, shaded with lilac ; Hybrids, i.c. crosses between 11 
