1 139 
Porapouo3 and large-flowero 1 kinds : Marabout, fringed 
white ; Cedo Nulli, white, with brown centre, a pretty kind ; 
Marccau, lilac-tipped white; Bernard de Rennes, dark fawn ; 
Golden Drop, yellow anemone -flowered sort ; La Radieuse, 
rose, with white centre ; Madame Passy, rose, shaded with 
lilao ; Aorore Boreale, yellowish buff; Berthile, lilac bordered 
white. The3e in general hare larger flowers than the 
Pompones. 
Among other plants, Manilla oppositifolio was still covered 
with multitudes of starry white flowers, which last long in 
perfection. This was stated to make a good bedding plant. 
Chrysanthemum fruto3cen3 luteum and album are also 
reported to form dense masses of bloss mi in the flower- 
garden in summer, and if lifted and potted before the fro 3 t 
injures them they make good winter flowering greenhouse 
plants. We also remarked several handsome Veronicas in 
iu the way of Auderaoui in bloom. When well grown these 
make pretty objects at this season of the year. 
the conservatory and plant houses. 
At this period structures of this kind, which 
assume various forms and titles, will have doffed their 
summer and autumn attire, and be gay with what 
are termed winter flowers. Chrysanthemums, Ca- 
mellias, Salvias, Begonias, Lachenalias, Acacias, 
Linutns, Kennedias, and many more which we have 
not space to name, will now rush in to supply the 
blank. Such, of course, must have the attention 
which they so richly merit ; liquid manure, weak and 
clear, will be found of immense benefit. The 
climbers in such houses rau9t be trimmed and tied 
in neatly, and everything made to carry as gay an 
appearance as possible. Fire heat will now have to 
be used, both on the score of keeping out frost, and 
in order to dispel unnecessary moisture in the 
air ; in the latter case rather using fire liberally 
in the day than the night, and taking care to use 
as free a ventilation as possible. Of course, these 
things will depend on the out-door temperature. In 
all cases it is better to be content with a moderated 
temperature, than, by adopting a high standard, to 
excite by fits, extreme alternations of moisture and 
aridity. As a general winter temperature for con- 
servatories and plant houses, if we were to assume a 
point, we may advise from forty to fifty degrees by 
day, and from thirty-five to forty degrees by night, 
artificial warmth ; during sunshine, an advance of ten 
degrees may be allowed, if accompanied by a whole- 
some degree of ventilation. What arc called cold 
pits, and such structures, must be well protected on 
the roof when necessary, and every means daily taken 
to dispel the accumulating damp in the interior. 
FORCING^ - 
The early forcer will now be stirring ; the prelimi- 
nary steps, such as closing vineries and peach-houses, 
nml reversing the atmospheric conditions therein, 
must commence. Such preparations consist in apply- 
ing fomenting materials to outside borders, in com- 
pleting all training and pruning, and in dressing the 
wood of vines, peaches, <kj. The following dressing 
may be used to all : in one gallon of warm water 
whisk up three ounces of soft soap, add one quart ot 
lime and three handsful of sulphur ; these ingre- 
dients thoroughly mixed may be applied over every 
particle of the wood of vines, peaches, figs, die. 
THE KITCHEN GARDEN. 
The kitchen garden business will be confined chiefly 
to protection nutters, and to trenching, digging, 
pruning, &c. Salads must be well looked to, and 
cauliflowers in head housed, or otherwise secured, in 
order to enjoy them as long as possible. 
In order to economise labour, and to command 
culinary vegetables in a moment, get a stock of celery, 
leeks, horse-radish, Jerusalem artichokes, turnips, 
Ac., secured in one spot, burying the min soil ; much 
waste time is thus prevented. Some parsley may be 
covered for fear of snowy weather. Let the aspara- 
gus, where shallow, have a coating of manure spread 
over the surface. 
MISCELLANEOUS. 
European Vineyards. — That terrible pc9t of the 
vine, called Oidium Tuckeri, or, commonly, vine 
mildew, has made such advances during the last two 
or three years, that doubtless many cultivators have 
been utterly ruined. As it has also found its way 
so extensively into British hot-houscs, wo beg to 
give the following extract : — 
The fate of European viueyard* may be regarded as sealoJ, 
for the present. The ruin of the grapo3 in Portugal, France, 
Italy, Genuauy, and the Balearic Islands, appears to be ao 
extensive that the price of wine must rise considerably, 
unless its consumption should much diminish. And this 
becomes tlie more certain when it is remembered that 
Madeira is in the same predicament, and when we add, as we 
can upon good authority, that mildew has begun to show 
itself in Sicily, whither it seems to have travelled from the 
kingdom of Naples, where the grape* are in the same state 
*s in France. How far Spain is exempt we are as yet unin- 
formed ; but wo know that mildew prevailed largely iu 
Grenada lost year, and we have reason to believe that the 
mischief ha3 this year been much greater. — -Qardtnui Chro- 
nicle. 
The Sunflower. — The following notice concern- 
ing the sunflower may just serve to raise the question 
about its profitable culture on lands possessing mo- 
derate qualifications, or as forming occasionally a 
part in a rotation system. This question was a good 
THE FI ELD . 
deal handled some years since j but scarcely suf- 
ficient consideration appears to have been given to 
In No .37 of the current year, “ B,” recommends tho culti- 
vation of this plant, particularly on uewly-clearol woodlands, 
Now, being about to cut fivo acres of coppico of seventeen 
years growth, I should like to try a cheap experiment as to 
the growth and profit, by planting a park, or the whole, with 
sunflower seed. Will “ IT therefore kindly toll mo how to 
proceed, aud inform mo of any simple machine by which I 
can get the fibre from tho stalk, or one to obtain oil from 
the seed, or how I can dispose of my crop when grown t 
J. B. N., Liverpool. 
Among the emigrant! t, > Melbourne during the past week, 
wo hivo to notice Mr. Smith, well kuowa iu Scotland by his 
works on lan.lsc.ipo gardeuiug. 
THE GARDENER. 
Botanical Society of London. — The 18th anniversary 
meeting of this society was hold last evening at the society's 
rooms, 20, Bedford-streot, Strand; Dr. J. E. Gray. F.H.S., 
President, in the chair. From the report of tho council, it 
appeared that tho sooiety consisted of 250 members ; that 
many thousand specimens of British and foreign plants had 
been received for distribution among the member* ini 
January noxt ; the donations to tho library had been consi- 
derable, and comprised many valuable botanical works. The 
report was unanimously adopted, after which a ballot took 
place for tho council for the ensuing year, when the chair- 
man was rc-electe l president, aud ho nominated J, Miors, 
Esq., F.R.S., and A. Hcufrey, F.R.S., vice-presidents, aud Mr. 
J. Reynolds, treasurer. 
CORRESPONDENCE. 
To the Editor of The Field. 
Sir, — I see that the proprietors of Tiie Field have placed 
it on a new foundation, and that you intend devoting some 
space for notes aud queries on gardening aud farming sub- 
jects. I think tliis will prove very useful, aud I venture to 
avail myself of tho privilege, as it very frequently happens 
that I want to havo a few hints ; and I feel persuaded that 
if this department is well looked after, and properly attended 
to, a great many subscribers will also solicit tho assistance 
you offer. I have enclosed a few queries, aud shall fool 
much obliged if you would kindly submit thorn in your 
next impression. B. 0. X. 
To the Editor of The Field. 
Sir, — A sa country gentleman I am much pleased with tho 
alterations you propose iu The Field; aud, as I am very 
fond of my garden, aud do a little in amateur farming, I 
shall look forward with much pleasure to its weekly appear- 
ance. My wife, too, says that it will just suit her ; whereas 
she never looked at it. She is also very fond of her garden, 
aud if your horticultural editor will occasionally give some 
good practical information on the culture of popular flowers, 
I am sure that the ladies, as well a3 the gentlemen, will bo 
pleased. The Field was a Bolfish paper, merely for tho 
sterner sex, but now I sue clearly that you intend tho fairor 
sex to be pleased also. — Wishing you every succes s, 
I romaiu, Sir, yours truly, W. F. C. 
To the Editor of The Field. 
Sir, — I find that alterations are to be made in conducting 
The Field, and consider the plau you have laid down 
will give the greatest satisfaction to our country gentlemen 
especially, and will also be much sought after by the City 
merchant, and others having occupation in the vast metro- 
polis, who retire into the country after the business of tho 
day has beeu transacted. I have hitherto taken in the 
Gardeners' Chronicle, but that is too learned and too scientific 
for me. It is a very clever paper, no doubt, and edited by 
the most eminent mendn tiieir profession, and evidently suits 
a large majority of its readers ; but what I want is a good 
practical paper, one that will teach me a few little wrinkles 
in cultivating my suburb in garden. Yours truly, 
Alma. 
NOTES AND QUERIES. 
Hyacinth Roots. — A friend of mine has given mo a quan- 
tity of hyaoiuth roots, and I should like to grow nomo in 
glasses. Would you have the kindness to ask some of your 
correspondents to give me a little practical advice how to 
proceed ? — J. F. 
Heating a Geranium House. — I am about building a 
small house for geraniums, and should like to know the beat 
plau of heatiug it. I should like it to bo done by hot water, 
but I fear this will bo too expensive. Can any practical 
reader advise me ? — A New Subscriber. 
Pears. — I send you a few pears, aud I should esteem it a 
favour if you will tell me the name of it. — A. [The fruit 
shall be submitted to our Horticultural Editor. — Ed.] 
Fruit Trees. — I saw some time ago iu a paper, (I think the 
Cottage Gardener) a new method of producing fruit trees, by 
inserting the scion into a potato instead of nu ordinary stock. 
Can any of your readers give me any information on tho 
subject, as to the time of plautiug and mode of preparing, 
both of scion and stock, and whether it will answer for wall 
fruit, as well as tho more hardy sorts ? — Graft. 
The Climate of tiie Crimea. — A gentleman, writing in 
one of our contemporaries, lately informed the world that 
the climate of the Crimea was so cold that the fingers of our 
brave warriors would be benumbed, ao that it would be im- 
possible for them to fire their guns ; and that, if perchance 
they slept in their boots, aud got frost-bitten, they would, 
on pulling them off, find their feet left iu them. The writer 
of this article says he knows all about it, because he lived 
for some time in the North of Russia. Now it so happens 
that a great many trees and plauts thrive in tho Crimea that 
would not grow there if the cold was so severe. A Russian 
botanist, called Pallas, who lived in the neighbourhood of 
Simferopol, .a few miles from Sebastopol, says, that “ the 
climate is little different from Australia and Asia Minor; 
that tho winter is hardly felt, and tho primrose aud crocus 
appear above the ground in the mouth of January, aud the 
oak retains its green foliage throughout tho year. The olive, 
the pomograuato, the (i and tho date-tree thrive alongside 
tho ever-verdaut laurel, and the caper bush is scattered 
along tho coast. The wild vine reaches to the top of tho 
highest tree." Now, it is not very likely that the plants 
enumerated by this Russian botanist would luxuriate in such 
a climate as denoted by tho gentleman who resided a long 
time iu the North of Russia ; and we sincerely trust, 
before the primroses appear again in the Crimea, that the 
noble band of warriors who are now so bravely fightiug for 
us, will deal such a blow to tho haughty autocrat, as to bring 
him as humble as tho lowly crocus. —A Gardener. 
THE FA RM. 
It must be understood that this department of The 
b ield does not profess to be the Farmer’s Journal, but 
only to communicate so much about farming matters 
as is calculated to be interesting and useful to the 
class by whom Tub Field is read — the gentlomen 
m tho country who farm a little for their own 
amusement, and who do not follow agriculture as a 
calling. I' or the {armor, there is already an ample 
supply of journals, entirely devoted to his service, 
and having no other departments. But in The 
l if.ld, which embraces the entire range of country 
sports and occupations, it would bo impossible to 
make provision for more than the requirements of 
those who read it for portions of its other intelli- 
gence, and their farming topics are limited to what 
may ho termed the Home Farm. The country p ontle- 
man larms a few acres for his amusement ; he keeps 
some cows, a few sheep, some pigs : bosidcs his 
meadows, perhaps lie may indulge himself with the 
luxury of a few acres of arable, whereon to try expe- 
riments that are usually more pleasing than profit- 
able. This is, or ought to he, the limit of the 
country gentleman’s farm — sufficient for an agreeable 
occupation, not sufficient to inconvenience him by 
its demands upon his time or his pocket. 
Now this it is, and this only, that we contem- 
plate in the department of Thu Field, that will bo 
devoted to the farm. We shall make no endeavour 
to treat of agriculture in general, or to record agri- 
cultural meetings, speeches, or prizes in particular. 
Such details must he sought in journals to which 
they properly belong. Wo do not purpose to smother 
our readers in a heap of market statistics ; wo shall 
not overwhelm them with columns of reports on 
prospects and yields ; but, instead of theso, it is our 
intention to present them a succinct review of os 
much of tho farming intelligence of the timo as 
every gentleman needs to know, collected in the 
form of a narrative, which shall savo tho reader tho 
trouble of toiling through columns of figures, and 
dull reports and speeches, to find thorn for himself. 
Wo shall not only collect from all sources useful 
information relating to the different departments of 
the Home Farm, which may help him in the man- 
agement of it ; more especially is it our liopo 
to encourage communication between our ro.vlers on 
the topics embraced within the range of tho Home 
Farm. They would give to ono another a groat deal 
more practical information than we could obtain for 
them ; and we are quite sure, that if the system of 
mutual inquiry and reply wero to be generally 
adopted by them — that is to say, if any reader who 
wants to be informed on any subject would ask 
through these columns, an answer from the experi- 
ence of other readers, replies would ho readily given, 
and thus would a vast amount of knowledge ho 
elicited and circulated, which would othorwiso ho lost 
to the public. 
The department of The Farm admits of convenient 
subdivision, and its information will he arranged 
accordingly : — 1st. The Land ; 2nd. The Live-Stock ; 
these embrace the whole. The land will he arranged 
under arable, the meadow, tho orchard. The live 
stock into tho cow and the pig. The horse is so impor- 
tant a personage in the country farm, that we pur- 
pose to devote to him a distinct department ; and 
the poultry yard 13 rather within the province of 
the ladies than of the gentlemen, and that therefore 
will be treated of in the division which will belong 
almost entirely to the country ladies, and which we 
have termed “ The Country House.’’ 
This explanation of the design was necessary, be- 
cause some had concluded, from the title of “ Tiie 
Farm,” that it was intended to devote that section of 
Tin: Field to tho farmers exclusively. Tho plan 
being thus described explicitly, we havo only to add 
that, as yet, it is but a plan. The arrangements for 
carrying it out completely arc not completed as yet, 
for it is not easy to find a fit man for the work. 
Until such an one is procured, wo can proceed 
witli it but imperfectly ; and even when it is fairly 
begun, some time must necessarily elapse beforo wo 
can venture to hope for the thorough accomplishment 
of a scheme so novel. 
TIIE LAND. 
AVERAGE PRICE OF WHEAT. 
The following valuable communication has been 
published by Mr. C. Willich : — 
Sir, — T ho present state of tho oorn-markot, an.l tho great 
iuterest which is universally folt as to tho probable supply 
and price of wheat during tho coming year, induce mo to 
transmit to you the annexed tablo of the average price of 
wheat for each quarter from Miohaolmas, 1815, also tho 
annual avorago price to each Michaelmas day, being the 
termination of what is usually called tho " the farmers 
y #ar ;' I have added tho date and amount of tho highest 
and lowest weekly average prico during each of the respec- 
tive years, in order that tho extent of fluctuation may bo 
80011 . 
At present I merely wish to furnish you with tho facts, 
and to point out some of tho many causes, without reference 
