1 HO 
to scarcity, which are constantly coming into operation, and 
which affect the price of grain, without attempting to ac- 
count for the great fluctuations in price which occasionally 
have occurred. Among some of the more permanent causes 
I may draw attention to the vast amount of gold which has 
been, and still continues to be, thrown into the world's trea- 
sury. Its effects will be slow, but very sure. The gradual 
enhancement of the market value of landed property which 
has been remarked from time to time, although tho rents 
may not have increased, shows that tho rate of interest ou 
money invested in the purchase of land is gradually de- 
creasing, while the number of years’ purchase of the net 
income is increasing. Although this may, perhaps, not be 
admitted as leading to the same result, I cousider that such 
will be the case, notwithstanding the increased produce 
which may bo obtained by the liberal employment of 
capital. 
To what extent the effects produced by these and other 
causes acting in tho same direction may bo neutralised, is a 
question of difficult solution. It may, however, bo expected 
that the English market, now open to nil tho world, will 
induce those countries capable of increasing their produce 
to avail themselves of the advantage thus afforded to them, 
and it is not unlikely that ultimately the average price in 
England will be influenced and guided by tho average 
market price of corn-exporting countries, increased by the 
expenses of transit and the profit which the importer will 
add to tho cost at the port of shipment. — I remain, Sir, your 
obedient servaut, CHARLES M. WlLl.ICH, 
Actuary, University Life Office. 
25, Suffolk-street, Pall-mall, Nov. 29. 
Quarterly and Yearly Average Price of Wheat from Michael- 
mas, 1845, to Michaelmas, 1854 ; together with the Highest 
and Lowest Weekly Average in each of the respective 
Years ouding Michael mas-day : — 
Quarter to 
s. 
d. 
Christmas, 1845 
67 
9 
65 
0 
M i (lsummer, 
61 
7 
Michaelmas 
49 
3 
Year to Michaelmas, 1810. . . . 
Quarter to 
Christmas, IS Hi 
59 
9 
Ladyday. 1817 
72 
0 
Midsummer, „ 
85 
10 
Michaelmas, „ 
07 
1 
Year to Michaelmas, 18-17 
Quarter to 
Christmas, 1 s 17 
63 
0 
Ladyday, 1318 
61 
7 
Midsummer, 
43 
11 
Michaelmas. 
61 
3 
Year to Michaelmas, 1813 
Quarter to 
Christmas, 1819 
50 
4 
Ladyday, 1819 
45 
6 
Midsummer, 
11 10 
Michaelmas, 
45 
0 
Year to Michaelmas, 1819 
Quarter to 
Christinas, 1319 
■10 
5 
Ladyday, 1850 
38 
11 
Midsummer, „ 
89 
0 
Michaelmas 
■12 10 
Year to Michaelmas, 1850. 
Quarter to 
Christmas, 1850 
•10 
2 
Ladyday, 1851 
37 
7 
Midsummer, „ 
39 
1 
Mi. lmclma* 
40 
7 
Highest price, 
week ending 
Lowest price, 
week ending 
39 5 
36 7 
40 10 
40 10 
41 2 
Year to Michaelmas, 1851 
Quarter to 
Christmas, 1851 .. 
Ladyday, 1952 .. 
Midsummer, 
Michaelmas 
Year to Michaelmas, 1852 39 10 
Quarter to 
Christmas, 1952 40 6 
Ladyday, 1853 45 7 
Midsummer, „ 41 0 
Michaelmas, „ 61 10 
Year to Michaelmas, 1853 45 
Quarter to 
Christmas, 1853 09 10 
Ladyday, 1851 79 0 
Midsummer, „ 78 1 
Michaelmas, 03 10 
Year to Michaelmas, 1951 72 10 
Nov. 1, 1815, 
60s. Id. 
May 29, 1817, 
102s. 5d. 
Sept. 9, 1818, 
60 s. lod. 
Nov. 18, 1813, 
62s. 3d. 
Aug. 10, 1850, 
41s. Id. 
July 12, 1851, 
43s, (id. 
Sept. 4, 1851, 
41s. 9d. 
Oet. 1, 1853, 
69s. 6d. 
Jan. 23, 1851, 
8Js. 3d. 
Aug. 14, 1846, 
15 b. Id. 
Sept. 18, 1817. 
49s. Od. 
June 17, 1818, 
40s. lOd. 
Sept. 22. 1919, 
41s. Od. 
May 4, 1850, 
30s. lid. 
Sept. 27, 1851, 
30s. 7d. 
Oet 11, 1951, 
35s. Od, 
Oct 10, 1852, 
37s. lod. 
Sept. 10. 1851, 
62s. 6d. 
NOTES AND QUERIES. 
M ilk House. — “ Will any reader furnish the most ap- 
proved plan of a building for a milk-house, and not couuected 
with an ice-house T‘ 
Thoboughpin in Horses .— 1 “ Dear Sir,— I have a horse 
which I highly prize, but he has what is called " thorough- 
pin” — and although they do not make him lame, yet they 
give to his joints opposite the points of the hocks a bulky 
appearance. Will any of your numerous subscribers inform 
me. through Tub Field, of a cure for it?”— D. L. P. 
Pumps. — “I s there any pump now in use that will bring 
spring water ten rods from my house, and ten feet below 
it?" — A Subscriber. 
THE FIELD . 
filled, without any alteration of price. Fat calves were more plentiful. 
Fat pigs a large supply. Beef made Od. to Gjd. ; mutton, 6 Jd. to 7d. ; 
veal, 7d. per lb. ; pigs, 9s. Cd. per score ; rough fat, 6s. 6d. per stone, 
commencing 23rd of October; hides, young, 85 and above, 3jd. per lb. , 
ditto, young, under 85, 3|d.; old cows, all weights, 3d. ; cut hides, 2jd; 
calf skins, 101b and under, Id.; above 10 and under 1C, 4jd. ; above 
16, 3Jd. ; all cut calf skins id. less. 
Exeter. — A moderate supply of prime beef, and a fair average 
amount of business. Prices still evince an upward tendency, and the 
price* of last week were firmly sustained, and the quotation ranged at 
from 10s. to 10s. 94 per score, and In some few instances we heard that 
a somewhat higher rate had been given An average supply of har- 
roners, w ith a tolerable business done, at just the prices of the previous 
market prime quality 6s., and inferior ditto at 6s. Butcher s calves 
w ere In small supply, and the whole was soon disposed of at strong 6 Jd. 
per lb. The supply of cows and calves was moderate, with an average 
sale, at from £10 to £17. Tho supply of sheep was larger than lost 
week ; business rather dulL Large wethers, 6d. ; small ditto, GjA ; 
ewes, 6 Jd. to f.d. per lb. l’igs : a good supply, with a slack sale. Large 
pigs, 60s. to C0a ; large slips, 26s. to 35s. ; small ditto, lGs. to 18s. ; 
suckers, 8s. each. 
Leeds, Thursday. — At tho week's cattle fair there were offered for 
sale 660 leasts and 3,000 sheep. Buyers were pretty numerous, and a 
clearance was effected. Beasts sold at from Ss. to 8a 84 per stone of 
1 Gibs., and sheep at Gjd. to Cfd. per lb. 
THE MARKETS. 
SMITHFIELD. 
Monday. — T ho number of beasts was again small, and prices were 
well maintained. The supply of sheep was larger, and trade for them 
Blow ; prices on the average were lower, and a clearance could not lie 
effected. Best calves could not be quoted lower ; hut, on the average, 
trade was scarcely as good. From Germany and Holland there were 
1,374 beasts, 3,5lo sheep, and 134 calves ; Spain, CO Leasts ■ Scotland 
150; Ireland, 200; and 2,200 from the Northern and Midland 
Counties. 
Per stone of 81bs. t. d. s. d. 
Best Scots, Herefords . 6 0—5 4 
Best Short Horns 4 8 — 5 0 
Second quality beasts ..3 4 — 1 4 
Calves 4 0—5 2 
Pig* 3 8—4 8 
Best l)ns. & Half-breds.,4 10 — 5 0 w v—v v 
Beasts ot market, 4.5CC ; sheep and lamb*, 27,240; calves 'iK 2 ° 
pigs. 310. 
Feidat — W e had a fair average supply of beasts on offer ; trade is 
scarcely as brisk as on Monday, but we cannot quote lower prices. 
Trade is exceedingly dull for sheep, especially for middling descriptions 
and ewes. Although the supply is not very large, a clearance cannot be 
effected. Good calves are readily disposed of at late rates. From Ger- 
many and Holland there are 260 beasts and 890 sheep; Ireland, 90 
beasts ; Northern and Midland Counties, 650 beasts ; and from tho 
Home Counties, 85 milch cows. 
Per stone of 81bs. s. d. s. d. 
Rest Dns.i; Half-1, ds.Sh.O 0-0 0 
Best Long Wools 4 0— l 8 
Do. do, Shorn o 0—0 0 
Ewes and second quality. 3 C — 1 2 
Do. do Shorn y 0—0 0 
Lambs O 0—0 0 
DUBLIN SMITHFIELD CATTLE MARKET, 
Tm'MDAi — Wo had n large market to-day, and an excellent demand 
for prime meat. Beef sold from 4Gs. to 52s. ; middling, 63a to 66s. ; 
good, 69a to G3a ; and even, 65s. per cwt., in sink. Sheep were more 
difficult to sell at J4 to Jd. per pound reduction in prices ; prices, 54 
to G J4 per lb ; veal, 7d. to Sd. per lb. Poj-k, a large market, at 15s. to 
4 9a per cwt. The demand, for the present, from England for live pigs 
has ceased. 
MARK LANE. 
Monday. — T he supply of English wheat at market this morning from 
Essex and Kent was not large ; the condition of many of the samples 
was indifferent Fine white wheat brought much the same price as 
last Monday ; but red must be noted Is. to 2s. cheaper. Foreign 
heat was in limited request and unchanged in value. Barley was 
more plentiful than of late, and former prices were barely maintaineA 
Oats, with increased foreign supplies, gave way in value 64 to Is. per 
quarter for any but choice qualities of old corn. Beans and peas sold 
on much tho same terms as before. 
Arrivals into London from Nov. 20 to Nov. 25. 
Wheat 
Barley 
Oats .. 
Malt 
Quarters. 
English. 
Scotch. 
Irish. 
2539 
5315 
i74 
68 
56 
4704 
2487 
90 
Foreign. 
9379 
830 
24193 
Flour, 1,510 Backs, and 216 barrels. 
Friday. — The arrivals of both wheat and flour continue moderate. 
Our miller*, however. In the anticipation of enhanced foreign sup- 
plies, limit their purchases as much as possible, and trade in Mark -lane 
this morning ruled dull, at Monday s rates. Barley hung heavily on 
hand, although freely offered at the decline noted earlier in tho week. 
Outs were also difficult of disposal at former prices. Beans and peas 
unchanged in value. 
COUNTRY GRAIN. 
Ipswich, Tuesday. — We notice again a falling-off In the supply of 
wheat. Tho condition is now interfered with by this dull weather, 
and we must note a slight alteration in price in favour of the buyer, 
say Is. a quarter. White wheat maintains its price. The quality of 
barley offered to-day was below what we have had for some weeks past ; 
shilling per quarter cheaper may be written generally. Some choice 
samples of malting quality, however, commanded, 3Ss. We quote 
prices to the growers; Wheat, red, 72s. to 7Ca ; ditto, white, 78s. to 
2s. per quarter ; barley, malting, 35a to 3Ss. ; ditto, grinding, 32s. to 
34s. 6d. per quarter; beans, 60s. to 54s. per quarter; peas, 48s. per 
quarter. Averages for the week ending 25th November; Wheat, 
,474 quarter, at 74s. 104; barley, 8,729 quarters, at 3Cs. 2d; oats, 
10 quarters, at 32s.; beans, 25 quarters, at 49s. 6d. ; peaa, 35 quarters, 
at 45s. Gd. 
Sunderland, Saturday. — The price of grain being high, it now 
leaves our farmers a good profit ; and they continue to bring forward 
their crops plentifully, fearing the market should fall. Most of the 
supply this day was soon cleared off at a slight reduction lYom last 
week's prices. 
DUBLIN CORN MARKET. 
Tuesday — There was a moderate supply and a quiet market at the 
Corn Exchange to-day, and scarcely any difference in price since Friday 
last White wheat, 41s. to 43s.; red ditto, 3 Gs. to 42s. per quarter; 
barley, 17s. to 20 b. 64 ; here, 15s. Gd. to lCs. 94 per quarter; new 
oats, 10s. to 17s. per quarter; oatmeal, per cwt, lGs. to 17s : rapeseed, 
27s. to 28s. C«l. ; baker's flour, 24s. to 28s. ; Indian com, per 480 lb, 
40s. to 47s. For the week ending November 24 the following is the 
official return of the number of barrels of wheat, oats, and barley sold 
in Dublin at public market : Wheat, 3,030 ; oats, 2,178; barley, 1,305. 
No return for other description of corn. 
COUNTRY CATTLE. 
Derby Smith field, Tuesday — Tho supply of fat beasts to-day was 
again deficient to meet the wants of the buyers, the demand for beef 
being again good, was readily disposed ot Tho sheep pcua wero well 
BREAD. 
Fall in Piute. — On Thursday the Lakers generally throughout the 
metropolis reduced the price of bread a halfpenny the 41b loaf; the 
price now is 8jA and 9d. for seconds, and from 9J, to lid. for Lest 
bread. 
BOROUGH HOP MARKET. 
Thursday. — A quiet and steady trade has been going on during tho 
past week, and prices remain unaltered. The market is very bare of 
fine hops. 
Friday. — Messrs. Pattcndcn and Smith report that the demand for 
hops continues steady at late prices, supply fust diminishing; fully 
three-fourths of the growth already gone into consumption. 
THE G01OTSY HOUSE. 
♦ 
Bonnets for December.— The return of the fashionables 
to Paris offers an opportunity for the display of many very 
pretty costumes for visiting. This kind of toilette unites the 
newest manteaux and materials. In speaking of bonnets, we 
notice first one of white imperial velvet, the front and crown 
quite plain ; on one side of the front is placed a branch of 
mulberries with crape leaves, which, reaching quite to the 
edge, Joins a branch of the same fruit placed inside ; on the 
other aide is a bow formed of a magnificent barbe of blonde, 
the two ends of which, curling over the edge, mingle with 
the cerise velvet leaves, and tulle bouillonn<5es, which orna- 
ment the inside of the front. Quite a new stylo of bonnet 
lias lately appeared, formed of taffetas, the front of which is 
indented at equal distances and trimmed with double ruches 
of narrow blonde ; the curtain is trimmed in the same man- 
ner. Upon one side of the front is placed a rose composed 
of velvet, blonde, and feather, accompanied by leaves of crape 
worked with velvet inside ; the front is trimmed with the 
same flowers of a smaller size, and mixed with rose-buds 
placed high up and ruches of tulle below. These ruches 
may be very well replaced by blonde and very small flowers. 
Fruits in general, and particularly those in velvet, will be 
much worn this winter as bonnet-trimmings , — Lc Folld. 
P OULTBY . 
GLOUCESTERSHIRE AGRICULTURAL ASSOCIATIfiv 
POULTRY SHOW. ^ 
This society, whoso operations wero last year suspender! 
in consequence of the visit of the Royal Agricultural Society 
to this city, in order that tho efforts of its members might bo 
concentrated on the more national undertaking, has, last week 
celebrated its twenty-first annual meeting, which has paused 
off with complete success. This fortunate result is chiefly 
attributable to the admirable show of poultry, which certainly 
surpassed all expectation. This was a new feature in the 
exhibitions of the society, but it proved a most attractive 
ons, and induced crowds of ladies, who have hitherto abstained 
from patronising tho exhibitions of the society, to become in- 
tere9ted spectators. 
The poultry wero exhibited in a commodious building 
erected for the purpose. Tho birds were placed i n neat 
wicker baskets, ranged on tables, aud thus an excellent on. 
portunity for inspecting them was afforded. The building 
was decorated with evergreens, and, in order to afford tho 
public the advantages of an evening's entertainment, tho 
interior was fitted up with gas. This department of the show 
was first opened on Wednesday morning, at a charge of half, 
a-crown, and a largo aud fashionable attendance soon 
mustered. At five o'clock in the evening, the price of 
admission was reduced to a shilling. Considering that on 
no other occasion has n poultry exhibition ever been at- 
tempted in Gloucester, the first experiment of the kind must 
be considered iu the highest degree satisfactory. The birds 
exhibited were in the highest condition, aud fowls generally 
were much better represented than at the last exhibition of 
the Royal Agricultural Society. Though the show was ou a 
less extended scale, yet, iu poiut of excellence, it would equal 
the great Birmingham exhibitions. 
Iu nearly all classes, the competition was brisk, and the 
judges must, in many instances, have had a most laborious 
and difficult task iu giving their decisions. The Dorkings 
were iu great force and variety, and the prize birds of this 
class embodied every point of gallinaceous excelleuce. Tho 
Spanish and Cochin-Chinas were also well represented, and 
in the latter class were several valuable specimens of great 
bulk. There were also some members of the Bramah 
Pootra family, which, iu point of size and elegance of shape, 
outrival their brethren, the Cochins. The game fowls were 
exceedingly numerous, aud comprised many birds of splen- 
did plumage aud comely appearance, and attracted much 
notice. The Hamburghs were equally interesting ; and tho 
Polands, whoso top-knots gave them a sort of military 
aspect, looked like very grenadiers amongst their fellow 
Growers. Tho prizes for bantams were well competed for 
and we have seldom observed a more interesting array of 
thiB class of bird. Geese, ducks, and turkeys aided well to 
sustain the high character of the show ; and, for plumpness 
aud high condition, we question whether some of these 
birds could have been excelled in any show in England. 
Below we subjoin the prize list, which points out, more fairly 
than we could ourselves, such birds as were most deserving 
of notice; we may mention, however, that Mr. Churchill, of 
the King’s Head, showed some very rare and curious birds ; 
and Mr. T. Morris, of Maisemore, likewise exhibited some 
very creditable specimens. Mrs. Herbert, of Powick, was a 
very extensive aud successful contributor. 
Prize List of Poultry. 
Dorking. — Cock and two hens, hatched before 1854. — 1st 
prize, £2, R. Branwell, Holswortliy, 1 hen, 1853, others not 
known ; 2nd prize, £1, Miss Steele Perkins, Sutton Colefield, 
cock about 1 J years, hens 1 year 5 months ; 3rd prize, 10s., 
John Thompson, Woolvers, Reigate, Surrey, 1853. Highly 
commended : Charles Edwards, Bristol, over 1 year ; John 
Thompson, Woolvers, Reigate, Surrey, 1853. Commended : 
Col. Clowes, cock 1 year 5 months 3 weeks, hens 1 year, 5 
months, 1 week. 
Dorking. — Cockerel and two pullets, hatched in 1854. — 
1st prize, £2, George McCann, Malvern, 8 months; 2nd prize, 
£1, Col. Clowes, cockerel 10 months, pullets 7 months ; 3rd 
prize, 10s., R. Branwell, Holsworthy, cockerel 17th April, 
pullets 17th February. Highly commended : G. McCann, 
Malvern, about 8 months ; Rev. H. G. Baily, Swindou, Wilts, 
8 months. Commended : Thomas Morris, Maisemore, 
cockerel 32 weeks, pullets 22 weeks. 
Spanish. — Cock aud two hens, hatched before 1854. — 1st 
prize, £2, Mrs. Lydia C. Stow, Bredon, 17 montliB; 2nd prize, 
£1, William Plummer, Bristol, upwards of a year ; 3rd prize, 
10s., Charles Thomas Nelaou, the Lozells, near Birmingham, 
cock 1 7 mouths, liens 2 years each. Commended : Richard 
Branwell, Holsworthy, cock 15th May, 1853, hens May, 1853. 
Spanish. — Cockerel aud two pullets, hatched in 1854. — 
1st prize, £2, Daniel Parsley, Rock Cottage, Stapleton-l'oad, 
Bristol, May 20th, 1854 ; 2nd prize, £1, W. Plummer, Bristol, 
2nd March ; 3rd prize, 10s., Charles Edwards, Bristol, 
cockerel March, pullets May. 
Cochin-china. — (Cinnamou and Buff.) — Cock and two hens, 
hatched before 1854. — 1st prize, £2, Rev. D. Capper, Huntley 
Rectory, 2 years. The only birds shown in this class. 
Cochin-china. — (Cinnamon and Buff.) — Cockerel and two 
pullets, hatched in 1854. — 1st prize, £2, Mrs. S. It. Herbert, 
Powick, Worcestershire, 8 months ; 2nd prize, £1, John 
Taylor, juu., Spring Grove, Hounslow, 10 mouths ; 3rd prize, 
10a., Mrs. S. It. Herbert, Powick, 7 months. Commended: 
Captain W. H. Snell, London, 7J months. 
Cochin-china. — (White.) — Cock and two hens, hatched 
before 1851. — 1st prize, £2, Mrs. S. R. Herbert, Powick, cock 
2 yeara 5 months, hen 2J years, 2nd heu 18 mouths. Tho 
only birds shown in this class. 
Cochin-china. — (White.) — Cockereland two pullets, hatched 
in 1854. — 1st prize, £2, Mrs. S. It. Herbert, Powick, cockerel 
7 months, pullets 6 months ; 2nd prize, £1, James Turner, 
Northbrook, Exeter, 8 months ; 3rd prize, 10s., ditto, ditto, 
cockerel 9 months, pullets 8 mouths. Highly commended : 
Mrs. S. R. Herbert, Powick, cockerel 8 mouths, pullets 7 
months. Commended : a meritorious class. 
Cochin-china. — (Other varieties.) — Cock and two hens, 
the Lozells, Birmingham, 20 months; 2nd and 3rd prizes not 
hatched before 1854. — 1st prize, £2, Charles Thomas Nelson, 
awarded. 
Cochin-china. — (Other varieties.) — Cockerel and two pul- 
lets, hatched in 1854. — 1st prize, £2, Captain W. H- Snell, 
St. Swithin's-lane, London, cockerel 6£ months, pullets 7 
mouths; 2nd prize, £1, Rev. Grenville F. Hodson, Banwell, 
Somersetshire, last week of March; 3rd prize, 10 b., John 
Barnett, Wribben Hull, near Bewdley, 6 mouths and 3 weeks. 
Dramha Pootra. — Cock and two heus. — 1st prize not 
awarded ; 2nd prize, £1, Joseph Hinton, Blaina Iron Works, 
near Newport, Monmouthshire, 21 weeks ; 3rd prize, 10 b., 
John Henry Cliffe, Twigworth Villa, May 29th, 1854. 
