FRANCJS WILLUGHBY. Q3- 
the bleeding diminished about one half ; and 
having sawed just above this hole to the same 
depth, the bleeding from the hole ceased quite* 
and from the sawed furrow below decreased one 
half; and it continued bleeding a great while 
after at both the sawed furrows, the hole in the 
middle remaining dry. We repeated this with' 
much like success upon a sycamore.” 
“ Some trees of the same kind and age bleed a 
great deal faster and sooner than others, but 
always old trees sooner and faster than young.” 
“ A wound made before the sap rises, will bleed 
when it doth rise.” “ While making these 
experiments, the weather changed from very 
warm to very cold ; whereupon the bleeding in. 
the birches, which began to abate before, ceased 
quite. But all the sycamores and walnut trees 
we had tvounded bled abundantly, (some whereof 
before bled not at all, and those that did so but 
slowly,) and so continued night and day — when 
it froze so hard that the sap congelated as fast as 
it issued out. The cold remitting, the birches 
bled afresh, the sycamores abated very much,, 
and the walnut trees quite ceased.” 
“ We pierced two sycamores, on the north and 
south sides of them, and both, from equal inci- 
sions, bled a great deal faster from the north sides 
than from the south.” 
These communications to the Philosophical 
Transactions induced many others, especially 
one written by Martin Lister, Esq. touching 
some inquiries and experiments on the motion ofi 
