FRANCIS WILLUGHBY. 
87 
of them to tlie wells at Astrop, who, directing 
me to the place where I got them, I have found 
great plenty in the trunk of a dead willow. 
Beginning to unfold some of them, Mr Wray 
immediately judged them to be made up of pieces 
of rose leaves, and called to mind, that this very 
spring a worthy friend of his, Mr Francis Jessop, 
brought him a rose leaf, out of which himself saw 
a bee bite such a piece, and fly away with it in 
her mouth. 
“ Thereupon, searching the rose leaves there- 
about, we found a great many leaves with such 
pieces broken out of them as these cartrages are 
made up of, some of which I sent you enclosed in 
my last. 
“ The cuniculi or holes never cross the grain 
of the wood, excepting where the bee comes in, 
and where they open one into another. From 
the place of entrance they are wrought both 
downwards and upwards, so that sometimes the 
bee-maggot lies under her food, and sometimes 
above it. One end of the cartrage — namely, 
that which is next the entrance — is always a little 
concave ; the other end, which is farther from the 
entrance, a little convex, and is received into the 
concave of the next beyond it. The sides of the 
cartrages are made up of oblong pieces of leaves, 
and pasted together ; the ends of round ones ; 
and whenever they do not lie close one to 
another, the intermediate space is filled up with 
a multitude of these little rounded pieces laid one 
upon another. The cartrages contain a pap or 
