160 THE LONG-TAILED, OR NORTHERN HARELD. 
forehead and cheeks are greyish wood-brown, centre 
of the crown black ; the occiput and chin white ; 
the nock, breast, and upper parts of the belly, deep 
pitch black ; the lower belly, sides, and under tail- 
covers, pure white ; the upper part of the back and 
long scapulars are black, with broad margins of red- 
dish brown ; the mantle, lower back, rump, and 
upper tail-covers, wings, and tail, deep brownish 
black ; the secondaries have the outer webs tinted 
with reddish brown, forming an indistinct speculum. 
In this specimen a few white feathers appear inter- 
mixed on the front of the neck and upper part of 
the back. 
The plumage of the winter, in a very fine and 
perfect specimon shot in the Frith of Forth, the 
forehead and cheeks are pale greyish brown ; the 
occiput, back of the neck, throat, upper part of 
the breast and back, belly, vent, under tail-covers, 
and scapulary feathers, pure white. On each side 
of the neck there is a large oval patch of pitch 
brown, terminating inferiorly in yellowish or red- 
dish brown ; the mantle, lower back, rump, tail, and 
wings, are as in the other dress, brownish black, in 
both the tail is graduated ; the centro feathers nar- 
row and much elongated; the bill has the nail and 
base black ; behind the nail a band, coloured, when 
newly killed, of a deep lake ; feet and legs yellowish 
grey. In winter the flocks are always accompanied 
by numbers of birds in various states of immature 
plumage, having the neck and breast partially white, 
and but little trace of the broad distinct pectoral 
band ; the back and wings not nearly so deep in the 
