CEDEMIA. 
161 
tint, and the scapularies and tail not elongated. 
In the female, which is less in size, tho crown, nape, 
spot upon the neck and breast are yellowish brown, 
darker on the head ; lower breast and under parts 
pure white ; the upper parts blackish brown ; the 
scapulars broadly edged with yellowish brown; 
tail not elongated. This is the state of a female 
killed in the Firth of Forth during winter. 
The next generic form wo shall notico is that of the 
Scoters, a race of ducks maritime in their habits, and 
except during the season of incubation, very seldom 
leaving the waters; they are most expert divers, feed 
in deep water, and the gizzards have generally been 
found filled with tho remains of strong bivalve 
shells. The form of the body is large and heavy, 
and the colours of the plumage are black, in some 
slightly marked on the head and wings with white. 
CEdemia, Fleming. — Generic characters. — Bill de- 
pressed, and much dilated for two-thirds of its 
length, base elevated and knobbed, lamellae 
dentated, strong but not apparent ; nostrils an- 
terior, oval, large ; wings pointed, quills strong, 
the first emarginated ; tail wedge-shaped, stiff ; 
feet large, hallux broadly webbed. 
Types. — 0. fusca, perspicillata, See. Europe, 
Asia, America. 
Note . — Habits entirely maritime, except during 
incubation. Wales separate from females when 
incubation commences. Form heavy, colour 
black or dark. L 
