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straggler ; a single specimen of the male has only 
occurred to ourselves recently killed, though we 
know of a few other instances that can be depended 
on. In Ireland it has sometimes been killed. In 
Central Europe it does not seem unfrequont ; during 
winter we have seen the females and young carried 
about the Boulevards of Paris, among other water- 
fowl. In Northern Europe it is also found, and 
most probably will extend to North-eastern Asia. 
M. Temminck gives Japan to it; the Prince of 
Canino, the northern and central coasts of North 
America. Audubon, again, considers it of ex- 
treme rarity, scarcely deserving of the rank of an 
American species ; he only once saw a specimen 
of a female, which he shot, and was obliged to have 
recourse to a British specimen for his drawing of 
the male. The nidification is unknown. 
In this species, of much less size, we have again 
the decided contrasts of black and white. The 
plumage of the head is loose and silky, and rises on 
the crown and hind head to an ample but gracefully 
drooping crest ; the head, neck, breast, belly, vent 
and under tail-covers are pure white, on the flanks 
and under the wings irregularly crossed with black, 
but tho purity is broken on the head by a round 
spot under the eye and bounded by the bill, of deep 
black glossed with green, while the posterior part of 
the occipital crest has a streak of the same colour 
marking its base ; centre of the back, the rump, and 
wings are black ; the feathers of the back, where 
joining the pure colour of the breast, being tipped 
with black, run upon it in two crescented narrow 
