GOOSANDER. 
179 
of their expected re-appearance. In these localities 
we have almost invariably found the food to be fish, 
small trout, or pars. According to Mr. Macgillivray, 
the Goosander breeds in the vicinity of the lochs on 
the outer Hobrides. Its summer retreat seems to he 
principally in Northern Europe, whence it is in win- 
ter that we have our supplies, as well as the birds 
which roam over Central Europe ; it may range also 
to North-eastern Asia, and Temminck records it 
from Japan. The Prince of Cauino gives to it 
“ America generally,” and Audubon states that they 
breed in the interior of the states of New York, &c., 
and “ suspects” that they advance pretty far into 
the interior of Mexico. 
This is the largest of the genus ; the colour- 
ing consists of few tints, principally light, with a 
marked contrast of dark, softened and relieved 
by grey and by the rich hues of the bill and legs. 
The hill is vermilion red; the irides of a purplish 
red, the feet and legs very rich reddish orange ; 
the lower part of the neck and breast, belly and vent, 
lesser wing-covers, secondaries, and scapulars, buff 
orange, varying in tints from a pale shade to one of 
extreme richness, fading after death, and often very 
much lost after exposure to light ; the long tcrtials 
are of the same buff-orange, and have on their outer 
webs a narrow black edge, appearing conspicu- 
ously from its distinct and generally regular lines ; 
the mantle, with the last long scapular, rich glossy 
black, often varied with reflected lights of green ; 
the middle and lower back, upper tail- covers, and 
