234 
KNOT. 
In the plumage of incubation we see the reddish- 
orange- predominating ; all the face, crown, and un- 
der parts, from the chin downwards, are of that tint, 
on the cheeks slightly spotted with brownish-black, 
and on the crown and occiput having the feathers 
broadly marked in the centre with the same colour. 
The centre of the back, scapulars, and long ter- 
tials, are deep blackish-brown, on the first having 
the feathers broadly margined with buff-orange, 
on the latter having them irregularly blotched, and 
cut into with yellowish-white. The quills are clove- 
brown, paler on the inner webs, and having the 
shafts broad and white ; the tail is dark broccoli- 
brown, tinted with rufous. In the adult full win- 
ter dress, the plumage above is broccoli-brown, on 
the crown and back of the neck with the centre 
of the feathers darker, on the back having the 
shafts only dark ; the under parts of the bird are 
pure white, having the feathers on the cheeks and 
neck dark in the centres ; on the breast these are 
broader, and on the flanks they are distributed in 
irregular waves; the rump and upper tail-coverts 
are white, barred with clove-brown ; the tail is 
nearly of the same tint with the upper plumage, 
the outer feathers paler in shade, all narrowly edged 
with, and having the shafts yellowish-white. In 
the young in their first dress, the upper parts are 
broccoli-brown, but the feathers on the back and 
wings are edged with yellowish-white, succeeded by 
a band of clove-brown, and having the shafts dark, 
the whole, as it were, tinted over with buff-orange ; 
