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thai may be fixed and perpetuated. This work has been in progress during the 
past three years, but lias not yet advanced far enough to reach definite results. 
In 1900 the Union Stockyard and Transit Company of Chicago furnished 
funds for the inauguration of some breeding and feeding experiments known as 
the production of " Blue-Gray *' cattle, by the use of white Shorthorn sire on 
grade and pure bred Galloway females. We have already produced two crops 
of calves and the third is due this fall. The first crop is now coming two 
years old, ami they are being finished for market and for the International Live 
Stock Exposition at Chicago, and some interesting and rather striding results 
have been attained. The superior reputation of these cattle as feeding hullocks 
has been fully confirmed. They are not, however, quite as even in their flesh 
and as smooth and uniform in their carcass in all cases as the modern market 
demands. We hope to introduce some new features in this work during the 
coming year by selecting ten of the best Galloway cows, which have during the 
past two seasons been bred to a white Shorthorn bull, to be bred during the 
coming year to a pure-bred Galloway, thus giving opportunity to test the theory 
of " telegony." It is also proposed to select ten white Shorthorn females and 
breed to a pure-bred Galloway bull, thus reversing the process of producing 
Pdue-Grays. Then, before we terminate the experiment, we shall do some breed- 
ing with a view to hxing the Blue-Gray characteristics and endeavor to per- 
petuate type. We are well aware that this may be a difficult process, but it is 
the intention to conduct some investigations along this line. 
During the progress of this work an interesting and unexpected result was 
obtained in the fact that the second crop of calves from the same cows and by 
the same sire were not as uniform and as well colored as the first lot. There 
is no means of accounting for this departure from the Blue-Gray color in the 
greater number of instances in the second than in the first mating. It is 
believed by many of our best breeders that subsequent offspring by the same sire 
and from the same females will be more uniform in type and color and char- 
acteristics than the first offspring. 
We have also planned to cross two breeds of hogs, using, perhaps, the Berk- 
shire and Tamworth, with the sire of one breed in a given number of cases 
and the sire of the other breed in an equal number of cases. Perhaps five or 
ten sires of each breed will be used and the work repeated several times. One 
object of this will be to determine the relative influence of the sire and dam in 
crossing distinct types. Some of these sows will then be bred back to sires of 
the same breed, to test the theory of telegony in breeding hogs. 
In some work of this kind which has already been carried on during two 
seasons it has seemed" in crossing the Tamworth and Poland China that the 
dam exerted the greater influence. When the Poland China sire was used on 
the Tamworth dam the offspring had more of the Tamworth than when the 
Tamworth sire was used on the Poland China dam. 
I believe that many of the theories and supposed laws of heredity should be 
tested by extensive and repeated experiments with domestic animals, and that 
it is desirable that this work be done with the larger rather than the smaller 
animals, notwithstanding the fact that it will take a much longer time and 
involve a greater expenditure. The work of Prof. Cossar Ewart in crossing 
the horse a_id zebra, breeding back again to the original types, for the purpose 
of testing the theory of telegony, has perhaps done more to establish conclusive 
results concerning this one theory than all the previous investigations com- 
bined. Professor Ewart's conclusions, however, are applied only to horses and 
dogs, and he expresses no opinion concerning their application to other kinds 
of domestic animals. Some of our plant breeders have obtained results which 
tend quite conclusively to substantiate the Mendel law theory. Others have 
obtained results quite the contrary. No one has yet endeavored to test the 
application of this law to the breeding of the higher domestic animals. I am 
told that one of our most extensive and successful dealers in heavy harness 
horses of trotting blood has made the statement that his experience, extending 
over a number of years and applying to many thousands of horses, selected with 
the utmost care from perhaps hundreds of thousands that have been inspected, 
has shown conclusively that 95 per cent of the horses conforming to this type 
in conformation, action, quality, and other characteristics that go to make up 
the essential standard, may be traced directly to two sires. This man speaks 
with considerable authority, as he has for years made it a practice to keep a 
complete record, including the breeding, of each horse that has passed through 
his stables. Possibly if these results were carefully investigated they might 
establish a case of Mendelian dominance. 
