322 
ries ; and they often form complete rings of nerve around the trunks 
of the great veins. 
The author then describes the nerves which are given off from the 
anterior margin of each hypogastric ganglion, some of which pass on 
the outside of the ureter, and others on the inside, and meet in front 
of the ureter in a ganglion, which he calls the middle vesical ganglion. 
There are other two ganglia, he states, formed on these nerves ; one 
between the uterus and ureter, and the other between the ureter 
and vagina. These he calls the internal and external vesical ganglia. 
Not only is the ureter inclosed within a great ring of nervous mat- 
ter, which, he says, resembles the oesophageal ganglia in some of the 
invertebrata ; but the trunks of the uterine artery and vein are like- 
wise encircled by a great collar of nervous matter, between which 
and the hypogastric ganglion several large and some small branches 
pass. 
The author gives the following description of the vesical ganglia. 
The internal vesical ganglion, which usually has a flattened or long 
bulbous shape, is formed entirely upon the nerves which pass from 
the hypogastric ganglion, and run between the uterus and the ureter. 
It has an artery which passes through its centre. It first gives off a 
large branch to the ring of nerve or ganglion which surrounds the 
uterine blood-vessels ; it then sends branches to the anterior part of 
the cervix uteri, and afterwards a great number of small filaments to 
the muscular coat of the bladder behind, where it is in contact with 
the uterus ; and it then sends forwards a large branch, which termi- 
nates in the middle vesical ganglion. This ganglion sends off a great 
number of large nerves to the bladder. Some of these accompany 
the arteries, and can be seen ramifying with them upon the whole 
of the superior part of the organ, even to the fundus. Filaments of 
these nerves, scarcely visible to the naked eye, are seen in one of the 
preparations ramifying upon the bundles of muscular fibres, occa- 
sionally forming loops and inclosing them, or passing down between 
them to the strata of fibres below. Some of the smaller branches of 
the middle vesical ganglion do not accompany the arteries, but are 
distributed at once to the parts of the bladder around the ureter. 
The external vesical ganglion is formed entirely upon the nerves 
which proceed from the hypogastric ganglion, and pass on the out- 
side of the ureter. This is a small thin ganglion, the branches of 
which are sent immediately into the muscular coat of the bladder. 
It usually sends down a long branch to anastomose with the nerves 
issuing from one of the vaginal ganglia. 
From the inner surface of each hypogastric ganglion numerous 
small white, soft, nerves pass to the uterus, some of which ramify 
upon the muscular coat about the cervix, and others spread out 
under the peritoneum to coalesce with the great ganglia and plexuses 
situated on the posterior and anterior surfaces of that organ. Large 
branches also go off from the inner surface of the ganglion to the 
nerves surrounding the blood-vessels of the uterus, which they ac- 
company in all their ramifications throughout its muscular coat. 
This paper is illustrated by two drawings, in which the hypogas- 
