116 
Psyche 
[September 
completely lacking hairs, or at most with one or two 
inconspicuous hairs less than 0.03 mm in length; 
hairs almost never present on propodeum; petiolar 
scale in side view nearly always thin and with a sharp 
crest (see fig. 7). (Boreal-alpine North America) 
subnuda Emery 
B. At least one or two long, coarse, standing hairs nor- 
mally present on the gula of a majority of the workers 
of a nest series; in those individuals with pronotal 
width of 1.0 mm or greater, and frequently in all of 
the nest members, the dorsal petiolar margin bears at 
least two or three hairs 0.05 mm or more in length; 
hairs frequently present on the propodeum at the junc- 
tion of the dorsal and declivitous faces; petiolar scale 
in view usually relatively thicker and with a blunt 
crest (see fig. 8). (Widespread in temperate N. 
America) subintegra Emery 
For comments dealing with the separation of curiosa, 
parcipappa, and wheeleri from subintegra, see the discus- 
sions under the individual species headings below. 
Formica sanguinea Latreille 
Formica sanguinea Latreille, 1798, Essai Fourmis France, 
pp. 37-38; worker (widely distributed in temperate 
Eurasia) . 
We have had the opportunity to examine large numbers 
of series of this species from over most of its range. We 
have found it to differ with reasonable consistency from 
the cognate Nearctic species subnuda in the following 
worker characters: 
(1) The clypeal notch is much deeper in sanguinea. 
The section of the clypeal margin enclosing the notch 
appears moderately concave when the head is viewed in 
perfect full face (at maximum length) ; in subnuda it 
usually appears flat or feebly convex. 
(2) The body hairs are longer and more abundant in 
sanguinea. At least four or five standing hairs project 
