1955] 
Wilson and Broivn — Formica 
125 
types and Culbertson workers, but resembles the subintegra 
condition in the Twin Falls series. 
(5) All three series have relatively short antennal 
scapes consistent with the western subintegra population. 
Formica parcipappa Cole 
Formica parcipappa Cole, 1946, Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer., 
39: 616; worker. Type locality: Nampa, Idaho. 
The diagnostic character lies with the reddish yellow 
gaster of the worker, little or no darker than the alitrunk. 
We can find no structural characters that will separate 
the meager known sample of parcipappa from subintegra, 
and the light color will have to be the basis upon which 
this species uneasily rests. The “gilvescens” form of sub- 
integra is frequently nearly as light and as close to con- 
colorous as the parcipappa types, but the extent to which 
such coloration is due to tenerality or cabinet fading re- 
mains unknown. Dr. Cole (in litt.) assures us that the 
parcipappa types were noted as near their present strik- 
ing hue when collected alive. 
The variable lightening of the anterior gastric segments 
in some western series of curiosa (see above) suggests 
a condition intergradient between the gastric pigmenta- 
tions of bicolorous subintegra and concolorous parcipappa. 
This species will remain doubtful at least until additional 
material is studied. 
Formica wheeleri Creighton 
Formica ivheeleri Creighton, 1935, Amer. Mus. Novitates, 
no. 773, pp. 1-5; worker, queen. Type locality: Warner 
Ranger Station, La Sal Mountains, Utah, 9500 feet. 
This species is supposed to be separable by the dark 
brownish tone of the head and alitrunk of the queen, and 
by the generally reduced size of this caste; the head is 
only slightly larger than that of the largest workers. No 
characters have been discovered that will surely separate 
the worker caste of wheeleri from that of subintegra. 
Workers in the type series possess very deep clypeal 
notches and show light cephalic infuscation, but both 
