ORTHOPTERA. 
209 
project beyond the extremity of the body, producing 
the appearance of a tail, as may be seen in Gryllus , 
Gryllotalpa, &c. 
This order is one of those in which the mouth is 
said to be perfect — that is, having all the constituent 
or essential parts that exist’ in the most typical tribes 
fully developed. Not only is this the case, but they 
are likewise of a hard or osseous consistency, appa- 
rently fitted for all the functions they perform among 
the coleoptera, and shewing no tendency to become 
obsolete, as is the case with those orders at the oppo- 
site extremity of the series. The description, there- 
fore, that has been already given of the oral organs 
of the coleoptera, will serve to convey a general 
notion of their appearance in this order, and super- 
sede the necessity of adding much to what has been 
already said. 
The upper lip, (Plate VI. fig. 2, d 3 and fig. 3,) 
in general, is very conspicuous, and, as in all other 
orders, very variable in its shape. It is somewhat 
peculiar in orthopterous insects, by being frequently 
unequal on the surface, occasionally ciliated, or pro- 
vided with tufts of pretty long hair, and armed with 
teeth on its anterior edge. 
As might have been expected in insects, many of 
which have long attracted observation by their ex- 
tensive depredations on vegetable substances, the 
mandibles are large, powerful, and efficient. They 
present the ordinary forms, being more or less tri- 
angular, arched on the outer side, and aimed with 
teeth on the inner edge. If Marcel de Serres’ ob- 
o 
