212 
SYSTEMATIC ARRANGEMENT. 
plex structure, and the nomenclature of its separate 
parts somewhat involved. On examining the figure 
of the lower lip of the domestic cricket, (PI. VI. fig. 6) 
it will be observed that it is divided into three distinct 
parts by means of well defined lines. The basal 
portion, (a) by which the whole labial apparatus is 
attached to the head, Kirby regards as the mentum. 
The second division (d) he considers as more directly 
answering to what is strictly called the labium in 
other insects ; and the terminal portion (e) is merely 
an additional articulation to it, divided into two, 
three, or more lobes. <c At first you would imagine 
the terminal part of this organ to be the analogue 
of the tongue, or ligula F ; as it is indeed generally 
regarded by modern Entomologists. It seems like 
the tongue of the Carabi L, Dytisci, See. to be a 
distinct piece, which has below it both labium and 
mentum : but when you look within the mouth, you 
will find a linguiform organ, which evidently acts the 
part of a tongue, and therefore ought to have the 
name ; and the piece just alluded to must either be 
regarded as the termination of the lip, or as an ex- 
ternal accompaniment of the tongue, analogous, it 
may be, to the paraglossce in bees." * 
The labial palpi are variously described by authors 
as consisting of three or four articulations. The 
number of joints is certainly alike in all the species, 
and the discrepancy alluded to, has probably arisen 
from some observers having included the minute 
Introd. to Entom. III. 424. 
