March 1948 The Queensland Naturalist 
97 
than in characteristic rain-forest, and is always the tallest 
tree. Smaller trees include Acacia aulacocarpu (hickory 
wattle), Alectryon connatus , Hridelia .fagineu, Erythrina 
vespertilio (bat’s-wing coral tree), E arose hi a us falcatu n 
( ribbonwood), Ficus eugenioidcs (small leaved fig), Fliu- 
dersia australis (crow’s ash), F. colliua, Hurpiillirt pen- 
rl ulii (tulip wood). La ported photiiiophylla (shining- 
leaved stinging-tree), M allot us philippincmis, Rhodos- 
phaera rhodanthema (deep yellow wood). Syncarpia 
subaryentea, and the rather rare Hernandm biralns, 
Among the more frequently occurring shrubs are Aealypha 
netnoruni; Alchornia aquifolin , Oanthium luciduni, and 
Capparis uobilis. Among the lianas Ctssits ant are t tens 
(a native grape). Jasmin am didymum (a native jasmine), 
Lnnchocarpus bluckii , Pandorea pandnrava (woiiga wonga 
vine). RJiipogonmu sp., and Teirastiyma irit.cus (a native 
grape) are particularly noticeable, the last-mentioned 
species notable for its long fine aerial roots. Lantana 
cauiara (lantana) is abundant along the margin and 
wherever disturbance has taken place. The chief epiphytic 
plants are Dendrobiuni speeiosum (king orchid), T). 
terctifoliuni (pencil orchid), and Platyeerium grand ( 
(staghorn fern). On the forest floor are a few perennial 
herbaceous species, including Ancilema Iriflorum, Oplis- 
nienus imbeeillis, Pella ca paradoxa., Pyrrhmia mpestris 
(a fern creeping on rocks or trees), Ririna Uteris (intro- 
duced), and the somewhat shrubby Nyssavthes diffusa. 
At the edge of the larger areas of closed forest, 
between them and the adjacent open forest, there is 
usually a well-marked ecotone. The eeotone is formed 
paitly of trees from the closed forest and partly of 
species more or less restricted to these intermediate zones. 
Some of the small trees are Acacia irrorata , Duboisiu 
my opor aides and Hibiscus heterophyllus, the smaller 
shrubs Cassia reltisa, Alxitilon acutatum, Hrachychitan 
bidwillii, M yd us rh ytispcrnins and Plumbago zeglaniea. 
the shrubby grass Stipa raiuosissima, the stemless Macro- 
zamia spiralis, the liana F mil-ax australis, the herbaceous 
Sigesbeckia orient alts (farmer’s flea, farmer's lice), the 
grass-like Aristida gracilipes. Carer deel inala, Cyperus 
enervis, C. Idevis, Clitoris unispicea and Gym nostachys 
anceps, and the rasp fern, Doodia aspera. 
Besides the larger areas of closed forest (pine scrub), 
