December 1948 
The Queensland' Naturalist 
111 
passing without stopping, flock after flock as far as the 
eye could see. Among these were redwings, fieldfares, 
thrushes and blackbirds. 
Norwegian cranes and storks fly direct from Scan- 
dinavia to North Africa, often at great altitudes, and 
have been recorded crossing the Gulf of Iskandcrun on 
the north-east corner of the Levant at almost water-level, 
all in small flocks and at a leisurely pace, then massing 
on the southern short' and again mounting spirally to get 
sufficient elevation to cross the hills in the direction of 
Aleppo. As a contrast to this tropical journey the move- 
ment from Greenland is recorded by Mr. Spencer Chap- 
man. who states that on October 10th the sea round Ailsa. 
which up to then had seen few if any sea birds, was sud- 
denly alive with little auks and guillemots massing for 
the journey south and in two days they had gone. From 
many other favourable places on the globe, similar stories 
are chronicled. From the Argentine they have almost a 
three months' movement twice a year. Northern birds 
from the U.S.A. and Canada which visit them in the 
southern summer go back north to feed and breed in the 
summer of that hemisphere, whilst birds front Patagonia 
and the Cape Horn region come north to the mild winter 
weather of the Argentine tropics. 
There is nothing like such vast or regular movements 
in the Australian region, with the exception of our 
waders. Some of these journey to Siberia and China and 
the smaller ones to the Malayan or Indonesian regions 
and the islands in between. One of our dotterels does 
an east-west journey to New Zealand, though why, no 
one seems to know. 
In the cold seas of the southern Hemisphere, we 
have the flightless migration of the different species of 
penguins to their breeding grounds in the far south in 
what passes for summer in those regions. Most of the 
vear they spend at sea in latitudes north of the Great Ice 
Pack but regularly each spring the Adelie penguin crosses 
this Tee Barrier many miles in width to reaeh Cape Adair 
on the Southern Land Shelf and other similar situations 
containing pebblv beaches, as no self-respecting Adelie 
would build a nest of anything but round pebbles. Some 
of the smaller penguins migrate from the open ocean to 
