211 DEPRIVATION AND TRANSPORTATION. 
to a quarter at the toe. It is to be particularly 
attended to in the construction, that there he as few 
joinings as possible, and these are to be fastened 
with rivets instead of solder.* We have made what 
we think an improvement on this instrument, — not 
on the principle, hut on the shape, and the mode of 
using it ; and have given a figure of it in PI. XIII. 
fig. 2. a is the body of the instrument, having a 
bottom at B, perforated with small holes, through 
which the smoke of burning rags, or of tinder, or of 
dried cow-dung, made damp before being used, 
placed inside at a, will be blown out at the point c ; 
d is the lid which slips on the body, after the rags 
are kindled within, having a tube n treble the dia- 
meter of the opening at c. The rim of the lid is 
perforated with holes 1 inch in diameter, correspond- 
ing to the same number of holes in the body of the 
instrument, the use of which is to admit the air by 
bringing the holes over each other, and thus to pre- 
vent the fire from being extinguished, wheu the 
operator occasionally lays it out of his hand. When 
about to resume it, a half-turn of the lid, by break- 
ing the correspondence of the holes, will again ex- 
clude the air; p is a ring by which the instrument 
is held ; if an assistant is at hand, he may insert 
the nozzle of a pair of hand-bellows into the mouth 
of the tube e, and thus add to its efficiency. The 
instrument is made of tin, having all the joinings 
rivetted instead of being soldered. It is on a scale 
of six or seven times the dimensions of the figure. 
*. Howatson on Bees, page 62. 
