INTBODUCriON. 
83 
are necessarily forced to cut and sew up ; but, even 
in this operation, they show an ingenuity and con- 
trivance worthy of admiration." 
A numerous tribe of small caterpillars feed, like 
those just described, on the pulp of leaves, but form 
no tent, contenting themselves with the protection 
afforded by the walls of their galleries. These have 
been named leaf-miners, and are very common on a 
variety of plants. Their tracks appear on the surface 
of the leaf like white tortuous lines, sometimes ex- 
panding into areas, and often intersecting each other. 
They are mostly very diminutive, as may be inferred 
from the natirrc of their haunts, many of them finding 
ample scope and accommodation udthin the dimen- 
sions of a leaf not equal in thickness to this paper. 
The most cursory observer cannot fail to have 
noticed that the leaves of trees and shrubs are often 
rolled together into hollow cylinders, folded in a 
variety of forms or collected into packets, and that 
they are held in these positions by a series of silken 
ligaments. Each of these will be found to contain 
a small caterjiiUar, generally belonging to the tribe 
of insects now under consideration, which has 
adopted this method of sheltering itself from the 
weather, and feeding at its ease in concealment 
from its numerous enemies. Leaves of great strength 
and elasticity are frequently seen twisted and con- 
voluted for this pmqiose, and it is not a little 
surprising that creatures of such small dimensions, 
frequently not exceeding two or three lines in length, 
should be able to overcome the resistance of the 
