THE CAINOZOIC CIDARIDAE OP AUSTRALIA. 
preserved specimens. Many specimens from Balcombe Bay have flared, 
cup-shaped spinal endings ; margin of cup finely striated. Some very short 
spines (11.5 mm.) are strongly forked with four or five terminal prongs. Some 
spines from Balcombe Bay ("C.”) and Murgheboluc ("C.”) retain traces of 
encircling colour bands. 
Localities . — \ ictoria — Balcombe Bay (“C.,” N.M. ; paratypes, 17 spines, C.). 
Grice's Creek (“C.”). Altona Bav Coal Shaft ("C.”). Sorrento Bore (N.M., 
depths 995, 1034, 1310, 1340, 1376, 1490, 1580 and 1667 feet). Gellibrand 
( H., C. ). Fischer Point, Aire River (“C.”). Orphanage Hill, Fyansford 
(N.M., C. ). Red Hill, Shelford (“H,,” “C.”). Murgheboluc, near Bannock- 
burn, Geelong district (“C.”). Native Hut Creek (“C.”). Waurn Ponds 
( p- | ). Ocean Grove (“C.”). Left bank of Moorabool River, Lethbridge 
(‘ C. ’). Neumerella (F.C.). Dreir’s, Mitchell River, lower bed (“C.”). 
Forsyth s, Grange Burn (remanie fragments, “H.”). Railway cutting between 
station and river, Dartmoor ("C.”). South Australia — About 15 feet above 
river level, Murray River Cliffs at Morgan (“C.” ; holotype, C.). Four miles 
below Morgan, Murray River, middle bed (“C.”). Murray River Cliffs from 
Wongulla to Mannum, lower beds (“C.”). Near Millicent ("C.”). Aldinga, 
lower beds (“C.”). 
Range . — Upper Oligocene to Miocene. 
Goniocidaris pentaspinosa Chapman and Cudmore. 
Plate XIV, figs. 18, 19. 
Goniocidaris pentaspinosa Chapman and Cudmore, in Chapman, 1928, 
p. 91. 
The following description is amplified and emended from our preliminary 
description : — Test small, very depressed ; ambulacra wavy ; interporiferous 
areas with two vertical rows of small miliaries on inner ends of opposing 
ambulacral plates ; towards ambitus, two other rows of smaller tubercles 
inclined at 45 degrees downwards from larger tubercle on same plate ; surface 
then sharply descends to a sunken area ; this area, containing the suture, is 
as wide as either poriferous zone and consists of horizontal ridges leading 
downwards from the tubercles. Poriferous zones sunken ; pores non-conjugate, 
circular, close together, each pair separated from next pair by a ridge. Six 
ambulacral plates adjacent to largest coronal plate. Coronal plates up to 
seven in number. Scrobicules sunken and circular, becoming elliptical near 
actinosome ; boss conical, uncrenulated ; perforate mamelon contracted at 
base, small in proportion to boss. Tubercles on coronal plates almost entirely 
confined to prominent ring, though a few are situated towards median inter- 
ambulacral area ; ring slightly overhangs scrobicule. Scrobicules not con- 
fluent, though rings merge in actinal region. Median interambulacral area 
narrow, continuous, sunken, bare, with pits at angles of coronal plates. Upper 
abactinal plates separated by grooves at horizontal sutures. 
Slender spines found in same strata as tests polygonal in section, bearing 
usually from five to eight ridges, finely but distinctly serrated. Ornamentation 
varies from mere punctae to short spinules, the latter invariably arranged in 
series ; towards base spinules more accentuated and salient. Ring milled. 
Colour bands occasionally preserved. 
Observations. — Goniocidaris pentaspinosa is a typical member 
of the genus, and like G. prunispinosa has a wide range in 
[ ' 37 ] 
